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Freedom of Speech throughout United States History It

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Title: Freedom of Speech throughout United States History It


1
Freedom of Speech throughout United States
HistoryIts Champions and Challenges
  • National Constitution Day

2
The Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Designed to protect the new government against
    the undermining capability of criticism from
    foreign powers it became a domestic political
    tool. While never reviewed by the Supreme Court,
    subsequent references intimate its
    unconstitutionality in light of the 1st Amendment.
  • Specifically the Sedition Act (passed in July,
    1798 with an expiration date of March 3, 1801)
  • Made it a crime to publish false, scandalous, and
    malicious writing against the United States
    government.

3
Sojourner Truth Aint I a Woman - 1851
  • That man over there says that women need to be
    helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches,
    and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody
    ever helps me into carriages, or over
    mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And
    aint I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I
    have ploughed and planted, and gathered into
    barns, and no man could head me! And aint I a
    woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a
    man when I could get it and bear the lash as
    well! And aint I a woman? I have borne thirteen
    children, and seen most all sold off to slavery,
    and when I cried out with my mothers grief, none
    but Jesus heard me! And aint I a woman? Then
    they talk about this thing in the head wha's
    this they call it? member of audience whispers,
    intellect Thats it, honey. Whats that got to
    do with womens rights or negroes rights? If my
    cup wont hold but a pint, and yours holds a
    quart, wouldnt you be mean not to let me have my
    little half measure full?

4
  • Highlighting the complexity of being an
    African-American woman at a time when rights for
    both groups were at different points of progress
    her intimations and ability to express those
    thoughts are emblematic of our 1st Amendment
    Rights
  • What challenges could she have faced by speaking
    out in 1851?
  • What large event in American History hadnt yet
    occurred?

5
Tinker et al. v. Des Moines Independent Community
School District et al. (1969)
  • This case established the 1st Amendment Rights of
    students.
  • In this case, the student act of wearing armbands
    to protest the Vietnam War was upheld by the
    Supreme Court.

6
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
  • The Supreme Court found that school newspapers
    that arent established as a forum for student
    opinion have a lower protection of 1st Amendment
    rights. Schools, can, therefore, censor elements
    of the newspapers if there is an educational
    purpose. (subsequently, states have passed laws
    that protect free press in schools more firmly)

7
Free Speech Zones
  • Designed to protect both attendee and protester,
    1st Amendment zones have been established at
    various places and events. (2004 Democratic
    National Convention as an example)

8
Contemporary Issues
  • Are there any issues in the United States or the
    World that champion of challenge Free Speech/
    Press/ Expression?
  • How have these events altered your definition of
    free speech and its importance?
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