The Basis for Morality and Moral Theology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Basis for Morality and Moral Theology

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Title: The Basis for Morality and Moral Theology


1
The Basis for Morality and Moral Theology
  • Chapter 1

2
Pop Quiz
  • According to the textbook, what are at least 2 of
    the other things that Catholic moral teaching
    deals with besides sexuality and marriage?
  • List the Cardinal virtues.
  • List the Theological virtues

3
Definitions
  • Morality the _______ by which we ______ human
    actions to be _____ or _______
  • Moral Law _______ norms standards of human
    behavior _________ by God and ______ by the
    Catholic Church

1
4
Definitions
  • Objective Morality Standards of conduct that are
    ______ rather than conditioned by ________ or
    personal preference
  • Subjective Morality one that can _____ from
    situation to situation and from one __________
    opinion to another

2
5
Definitions
  • Moral relativism the view that there is no
    ______ or universal moral law or_____, resulting
    in a morality determined by cultural factors or
    personal preference
  • Those who have a _______ morality are moral
    relativists

3
6
What is moral law?
  • It is law that governs our entire lives not just
    sexuality and marriage
  • Moral law and teaching reflect _____law
  • Natural Law objective order established by God
    that determines requirements to reach
    fulfillment. Innate to human nature and
    discernable to our reason.

4
7
What is moral law?
  • It is not just rules but leads to _______
  • It puts us in position to achieve happiness
  • We were made to live in communion with God - this
    is where we find happiness

5
8
What is moral law?
  • Moral law is based on love of _____ and love of
    _____
  • Not just about living by the checklist of
    morals but that we have the _____ of the moral
    law
  • Difference between following the _____ and living
    the _____

6
9
Ethic vs. Ethos
  • Ethic refers to the norm or law
  • The 10 Commandments express the Ethic
  • E.g. Thou Shall not Kill
  • If you follow the law because its the law you
    are following the Ethic

7
10
Ethic vs. Ethos
  • Ethos refers to the ______ desire of the ______
    what ______ and repulses you
  • E.g. having no desire to kill
  • Calls us to _____ our heart, not just _____ the
    law

8
11
Characteristics of Moral Law
  • Moral law is a ______ of our faith
  • As Christians we are required to follow the moral
    law
  • It is essential to live out holiness

9
12
Characteristics of the Moral Law
  • 2. Moral law is ______ by the virtues
  • At baptism we receive virtues to help us live the
    law
  • Counteract the effects of Original Sin
  • Must be ______ by human effort by repeating
    virtuous actions

10
13
Cont.
  • Cardinal Virtues
  • ______ to choose the right course of action
    inspired by the moral law
  • ______ to render what is due to God and neighbor
  • ______ to perform good actions amid obstacles
    and difficulties

11
14
Cont.
  • _____ to control our passions in order to
    maintain a clear mind and a strong will
  • These virtues _______the effects of Original Sin
  • These virtues must be _____ to draw us closer to
    God

12
15
Cont.
  • Theological virtues
  • _____ enables us to ______ the truths _____ by
    Christ and transmitted by the Church
  • _____ assists us in ______ that God will give us
    the means to ________ and holiness
  • _____ enables us to ______ God and others with
    the love of Christ.

13
16
Characteristicsof the Moral Law
  • Moral law is based on Divine Wisdom of God.
  • Moral law reflects the dignity and equality among
    all persons
  • Natural law reflects this
  • God revealed the 10 commandments to express that
    natural law.

14
17
Aristotle and Happiness
  • How does a person achieve happiness?
  • To determine we must ask, What makes humans
    _______ from other things?
  • _________ - (Intellect and Will)
  • Our purpose is found in what makes us ___________

15
18
Aristotle vocab
  • Telos (t????) - end _________ function
  • Our telos as humans is _______ or to use
    correctly our intellect and will
  • Eudaimonia (e?da?µ???a) - fulfillment or happiness

16
19
Aristotle and Happiness
  • A thing achieves e?da?µ???a or fulfillment/happine
    ss when it performs with excellence according to
    its telos
  • According to Aristotle, the telos of a human
    being is to reason or choose with excellence.
  • Happiness is achieved with right moral choices

17
20
Morality and Free Will
  • Because of original sin our ability to reason
    well has been damaged
  • We now suffer concupiscence - tendency toward sin
    b/c of Original sin.
  • We have clouded mind, weakened will and
    disordered passions

18
21
Morality and Free Will
  • Free will is our potential or capacity to choose
    the good
  • To fulfill our function we must use our Free will
    to choose good
  • In as much as you choose good, you are
    experiencing freedom
  • Evil choices destroy freedom

19
22
Sin diminishes freedom
  • Evil choices are contrary to reason and therefore
    diminish our freedom
  • It also further clouds our ability to reason and
    choose the good
  • Weakened ability to choose good represents a
    restriction in our freedom

20
23
Grace
  • In order to aid the soul in choosing good God
    supplies us with Grace
  • Grace the divine life of God in the soul that is
    freely given to us by God
  • We cannot deserve or earn it
  • Two Kinds of Grace
  • Sanctifying Grace and Actual Grace

21
24
Grace
  • Sanctifying Grace a grace given to us through
    the sacrament that gives new life to our souls
  • It is given in Baptism, nourished by Eucharist
    and restored in Reconciliation

22
25
Grace
  • Actual Grace a temporary grace given by God
    given to obtain, preserve and grow in holiness
  • Gives us knowledge and strength to do the good
  • We can choose to ignore or refuse the grace and
    act contrary to it.

23
26
Our Actions
  • Aristotle you are what you repeatedly do
  • What we choose to do expresses our moral
    dispositions
  • Our actions reflect the soul
  • Interiorly our passions, thoughts and words also
    begin to reflect our choices and reflect the
    interior

24
27
Moral life
  • The moral law shows us what a person who loves
    God ought to do
  • Commandments are the minimum threshold for
    morality
  • Jesus moral teaching focuses mostly on what we
    must do

25
28
Moral Life
  • Humans are a composite of body and soul
  • Therefore, moral law reflects laws that effect
    both
  • Sacraments help to build up the soul

26
29
Man in society
  • Man is by nature a social being
  • The moral law also calls us to safeguard human
    dignity for all
  • It also calls us to serve and love one another
  • Social morality seeks to distract from the
    tendency to focus on ourselves only

27
30
Sources of Moral Theology
  • Draws from Divine Revelation also known as the
    Deposit of Faith
  • Scripture, Tradition, interpreted by the
    Magisterium
  • Natural Law

28
31
Sources of Moral Theology
  • Sacred Scripture
  • Both Old and New Testament are used in moral law
  • New Testament is used more because
  • Some OT laws were temporary
  • Jesus was the fulfillment of the OT and
    therefore, brings the fullness of the law

29
32
Sources of Moral Theology
  • Scripture cont
  • Christs life provides examples of how a believer
    should live the moral life
  • Jesus teaching, preaching and precepts give us
    the moral rule

30
33
Sources of Moral Theology
  • Tradition
  • This is the living transmission of the Gospel of
    Jesus Christ
  • Transmitted both orally and in writing
  • The Church passes on her doctrine, life and
    worship.

31
34
Sources of Moral Theology
  • Magisterium
  • The pope and the bishops united with him teaching
    the faithful in matters of faith and morals
  • The pope can define truths of the Faith and of
    Morals
  • These teachings are infallible (without error)

32
35
Sources of Moral Theology
  • Natural Law
  • The basic moral principles that are engraved in
    our hearts
  • Linked to the basic dignity of the human person
  • Natural Science
  • Also aids in morality but only to enhance or
    elaborate on moral doctrine
  • It can only supplement moral theology

33
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