Triumphs of a Crusade

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Triumphs of a Crusade
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Emmet Till
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Freedom Riders

• A trip of two buses across the south, fighting
  segregation of public buses hoping to force the
  JFK admin. into action.
• Riders on Bus 1 were beaten at the Ala. state
  line.
• Bus 2 continued.

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Freedom Riders

• Bus companies refused to travel further into the
  South
• Riders beaten in Birmingham
• Bobby Kennedy intervened
• After beatings in Montgomery, JFK gave the riders
  U.S. Marshals for protection.
• Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation
  in all interstate travel facilities.

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Integrating Ole Miss.

• James Meredith Air Force vet. who was allowed to
  enroll in the all-white U. of Miss.
• JFK supplied Fed. Marshals to escort Meredith to
  classes

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Heading into Birmingham

• Birmingham Most segregated city in the U.S.
• MLK assigned to desegregate the city
• Arrested / posted bail
• May 2 1000 A.A. children marched
• Police Chief Bull Connor arrested 959
• May 3 Second children march
• Met w/police dogs, fire hoses, beatings
• All on t.v.
• City was desegregated

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March to Washington

• Aug. 28, 1963 250,000 marched on D.C.
• I Have a Dream
• July 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed
• Ended discrimination in most public
  accommodations / employment
• Protected voting rights / speed up school
  desegregation.

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Freedom Summer

• Freedom Summer 1964 project to register A.A.
  voters in Miss.
• Recruitment of college students
• Racial beatings, burning of homes, business, and
  churches.

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New Political Party

• Miss. Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) Fannie Lou
  Hammer would rep. them in the 1964 Dem. Nat.
  Convention.
• LBJs compromise Give 2 of Miss. 68 Democratic
  seats to the MFDP and ban discrimination in the
  68 election.
• MFDP / SNCC felt betrayed.

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The March from Selma

• 1965 Voting rights campaign in Selma, Ala.
• 2000 demonstrators arrested, one killed
• MLK 50 mile march from Selma to Montgomery
• March 7, campaign started
• Confronted by Selma and Alabama state police
  Bloody Sunday
• Beatings shown on t.v.
• 25,000 marched to Mont. on March 21 (protected by
  the National Guard)
• White / Black / Jewish, etc

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

• Eliminated
• Literacy tests for voting
• Gave fed. examiners power to enroll voters

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1968 Olympics
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Malcolm X