Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia

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Title: Disorders of High Level Functions: Amnesia, Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia


1
Disorders of High Level Functions Amnesia,
Aphasia, and Prosopagnosia
  • Arielle Tambini
  • SPLASH November 21, 2004
  • MIT Braintrust

2
Memory
  • Explicit/semantic
  • Implicit/episodic
  • Long-term
  • Short-term

3
Amnesia
  • Causes
  • Retrograde
  • Anterograde
  • Transient global

4
HM
  • Epilepsy treatment
  • Anterograde amnesia
  • Long-term explicit memory deficits
  • Short-term intact
  • You just remember 8. You see 5, 8, 4 add to 17.
    You remember 8 subtract from 17 and it leaves
    9. Divide 9 by half and you get 5 and 4, and
    there you are 584.

5
Temporal-lobe Amnesia
  • Intact implicit memories
  • Blinking study
  • Motor tasks
  • Computer programming
  • Role of hippocampus
  • Imaging studies

6
Episodic memory deficits
  • Developmental
  • Loss of blood flow
  • Bilateral hippocampal damage
  • Prefrontal damage
  • Childhood amnesia
  • Aging
  • Korsakoffs syndrome

7
Aphasia
  • Definition
  • Left hemisphere
  • Causes
  • History

8
Brocas/nonfluent aphasia
  • Characteristics
  • Anomia
  • Short sentences
  • Language comprehension
  • Brocas area
  • Theories of function

9
Brocas/nonfluent aphasia
  • I asked Mr. Ford about his work before he
    entered the hospital.
  • Im a sig no man uh, well, again. These
    words were emitted slowly, and with great effort.
    The sounds were not clearly articulated each
    syllable was uttered harshly, explosively, in a
    throaty voice. With practice, it was possible to
    understand him, but at first I encountered
    considerable difficulty with this.
  • Let me help you, I interjected. You were a
    signal
  • A signal man right,
  • Were you in the Coast Guard?
  • No, er, yes, yes... Ship Massachu chusetts
    Coastguard years. He raised his hands twice,
    indicating the number 19.

10
Wernickes/fluent aphasia
  • Characteristics
  • Comprehension and production loss
  • Speech
  • Nothing the keesereez the, these are davereez
    and these and this one and these are living.
    This ones right in and these are uh and
    thats nothing, thats nothing.
  • Wernickes area
  • Normal function

11
Aphasias
  • Brocas vs. Wernickes
  • Apraxia (action)
  • Agnosia (perception)
  • Other areas
  • Severity
  • Onset

12
Aphasias
  • Handedness
  • Language localization
  • Recovery
  • Bilingual aphasics
  • Deafness and aphasia?
  • Plasticity

13
Agnosia
  • Definition
  • Prosopagnosia
  • Causes
  • Intact object recognition
  • Recognition of face

14
Prosopagnosia
  • Face perception
  • Fusiform Face Area (FFA)
  • Holistic processing
  • Expertise
  • Greeble training

15
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