Imperialism in Africa

1
Imperialism in Africa

• Click here for Imperial March

2
Whats the difference between Colonialism and
Imperialism?

• Colonialism - exploitation by a stronger country
  of weaker one the use of the weaker country's
  resources to strengthen and enrich the stronger
  country
• Imperialism - The process by which one state,
  with superior military strength more advanced
  technology, imposes its control over the land,
  resources and people of a less developed region

3
Whats the difference?

• Both words are used interchangeably but
  Imperialism is usually referring to the action of
  creating an empire (i.e. Roman Empire, British
  Empire)

4
Why Imperialism in Africa?

• Began in 1870s colonized Asia and Africa by using
  military force to take control of local
  governments
• Exploiting local economies for raw materials
• Imposing Western values to benefit the
  backwards colonies.
• Search for new markets

5
Major Causes for the Imperialist Impulse

• Missionary work far more successful in Africa
  than in Asia and Islamic world.
• New military and naval bases to protect one's
  interests against other European powers
• Britain concerned by French German land grabs
  in 1880s might seal off their empires with high
  tariffs restrictions future economic
  opportunities might be lost forever.
• Increased tensions between the haves (e.g.
  British Empire) and the have nots" (e.g. Germany
  Italy) who came in late to the imperialistic
  competition.

6
Ideology Nationalism and Social Darwinism

• "White Man's Burden" racist patronizing that
  preached that the superior Westerners had an
  obligation to bring their culture to
  uncivilized peoples in other parts of the
  world.
• Poem by Rudyard Kipling
• Germany and Russia especially used imperialistic
  drives to divert popular attention from the class
  struggle at home and to create a false sense of
  national unity.

7
DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873)

• Scottish missionary
• 1841-1873 lived in central Africa
• Explored Africa
• Named Lake Victoria after the British queen
• Converted many Africans to Christianity
• Wrote books on Africa which
• piqued foreign interest
• 1871 reported lost
• Found by Henry Stanley
• Dr. Livingstone, I presume?

8
Central Africa

• Colonized by Belgian King Leopold II
• Sent British-American journalist Henry Stanley to
  Central Africa
• Stanley emerged with treaties acknowledging
  Belgiums rule over local tribes
• Congo Free State

9
Central Africa

• 1880 French naval officer Savorgnan de Brazza
  returned with an X on a treaty representing an
  agreement to establish a protectorate on the
  right bank of the Congo River
• Portugal then claimed the mouth of the Congo
  River
• Belgium, of course, protested both territories as
  their own

10
Congress of Berlin (1884)
Divided the territory of the Congo between Congo
Free State (Belgium) and France (French Congo)
while declaring the Congo River open to all
11
What does this cartoon mean?

12
The Partition of Africa
13
CECIL RHODES (1853-1902)

• fortune from African diamond mines
• Prime minister of Cape Colony (1890-1896)
• Wanted British control over South Africa
• Wanted Cape-to-Cairo Railroad
• Architect of British imperialism in southern
  Africa
• Great Britain became leading colonial power in
  southern Africa

14
CECIL RHODES (1853-1902)
15
BRITISH COLONIES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

• Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe)
• Named for Cecil Rhodes
• North of Union of South Africa
• Bechuanaland (now Botswana)
• 1885 became a British protectorate
• Kenya
• 1888 became a British protectorate

16
EUROPEANS IN EGYPT

• 1870s Egyptian government bankrupt, the British
  and French took over financial control of the
  country
• 1882 Egyptian nationalist rebellion
• France withdrew its troops
• Great Britain left in control of Egypt
• De facto British protectorate
• Made official in 1914
• Independence came in 1922

17
BRITISH IN NORTHERN AFRICA

• Sudan
• Cotton needed for British textile mills
• Entente Cordiale (1904)
• Great Britain controlled Sudan
• France controlled Morocco
• Cape-to-Cairo Railroad
• Idea of Cecil Rhodes
• Would secure Great Britains dominance in Africa
• Never completed sections missing through modern
  Sudan and Uganda

18
Cape-to-Cairo Railway Crossing over Victoria
Falls
19
AFRICANS IN AFRICA

• By the time of the First World War (1914)
• Only 2 independent African countries
• Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
• Ruled by dynasty stretching back to at least the
  13th century
• Last emperor was Haile Selassie, deposed in 1974
• Liberia
• Formed by freed slaves under auspices of the
  United States government

20

• Imperialism in Africa
• Colonialism in 10 Minutes The Scramble For Africa

21

• Negative Effects of Colonialism
• 1. loss of resources raw materials extracted
• 2. Poor economy no money for education,
  businesses or economic structure
• 3. Poor governments military control,
  businesses under national control, corruption,
  conflict over land

22

• Negative Effects of Colonialism
• 4. Africa was divided without respect to
  culture, ethnicity, and tribal boundaries
  causing continue conflict
• Rwanda Hutus and Tutsi
• Kenya Kikuyu and 41 other tribes
• Ethiopia and Eritrea

23

• Positive Effects of Colonialism
• 1. medical technology better nutrition and
  medicine increase pop. and life span
• 2. modern communication and transportation
• 3. small minority of Africans received better
  education and economic opportunity