Human Biology

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Human Biology

• Chapter 1

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Bell Work 10/12/09

1. How do you think you did on the benchmark?
2. How did you study for the benchmark and how long
   did you study for the benchmark?
3. List three things that you are going to do this
   quarter differently to help improve your science
   grade.

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1.1 Vocab

• Tissue group of similar cells that work
  together to perform a particular function
• Organ a structure that is made up of two or
  more types of tissue that work together to carry
  out a function in the body

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• Organ system a group of organs that together
  perform a function that helps the body meet its
  needs for energy and materials
• Homeostasis the ability of your body to
  maintain internal condition

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Types of Tissue

• Epithelial tissue covers all the inner and
  outer surfaces of the body. Each organ is covered
  with this
• Nerve tissue (messaging system) cells in nerve
  tissue carry electrical impulses between your
  brain and the various parts of your body in
  response to changing conditions

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Type of Tissues (cont)

• Muscle tissue movement results when muscle
  cells contract, or shorten, and when they relax.
• Connective tissue holds parts of the body
  together, providing support, protection,
  strength, padding, and insulation. (ex. Tendons
  and ligaments)

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Bell Work 10/13/09

1. During the presentations today what careers
   involved science?
2. Which careers were you interested in and why?
   (write at least 3 sentences)

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Bell Work 10/14/09

• List the four types of tissue in your body and
  give an example of each.
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• 4.

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Bell Work 10/20/09

• List the five levels of organization in your body
  and give an example of each for a human.

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1.2 Vocab

• Skeletal system the framework of bones that
  supports the body, protects internal organs, and
  anchors all the bodys movement.
• Compact bone The tough, hard outer layer of a
  bone. (basic supportive tissue of the body)
• Spongy bone- strong, lightweight tissue inside a
  bone (makes up most of the short and irregular
  bones found in your body. Makes up the ends of
  long bones)

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1.2 Vocab Cont.

• Axial skeleton the central part of the
  skeleton, which includes the cranium, the spinal
  column, and the ribs
• Appendicular skeleton the bones of the skeleton
  that allow movement (such as arm and leg bones)

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The skeleton changes as the body develops and ages

• Bones are living tissue and continue to change
  throughout your life.
• Infancy A newborn skull is made up of several
  bones that have spaces between them to allow the
  skull to grow along with the brain. As the skull
  grows the spaces between the bone close.
• Childhood Bone growth continues to occur at
  areas called growth plates. Growth plates are
  made of cartilage and the length and shape of
  bones is determined by the growth plate.

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The skeleton changes as the body develops and ages

• Adolescence Toward the end of adolescence bones
  stop growing. The growth plate becomes hard and
  arms and legs stop growing.
• Adulthood After bones stop growing they still
  go through cycles in which old bone is broken
  down and new bone is formed. As people age more
  bone is broken down than is formed which leads to
  low bone density.

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Joints connect parts of the skeletal system

• Joint a place at which two parts of the
  skeletal system meet.
• Immovable joint locks bones together (bones of
  your skull)
• Slightly movable joint able to flex and move
  slightly (ribs connected to sternum)
• Freely movable joint allow your body to bend
  and to move. Ligaments hold the bones together at
  movable joints.

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Movable Joints

• hinge joint causes an angular movement
  (movement of your arm when eating)
• pivot joint causes movement from side to side
  (when turning a doorknob)
• ball-and-socket joint allows rotational
  movement (rotate your arm in a circle)
• gliding movement one bone slides back and forth
  across another (all joints do this) (in the
  backbone this is the only movement the joint
  produces)

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Bell Work 9/20/09

• Read Rates of Production on page 21 and answer
  questions 1-3 in the bell work section of your
  science journal.

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1.3 Vocab

• Muscular system works with the skeletal system
  to allow movement
• Skeletal muscle muscles that are attached to
  your skeleton (voluntary muscle)
• Voluntary muscle movement that you can choose
  to make

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1.3 Vocab Cont

• Smooth muscle found inside some organs such as
  the intestines and the stomach. (involuntary
  muscle)
• Involuntary muscle automatic movement (muscles
  that work without you controlling it)
• Cardiac muscle the muscle that makes up your
  heart (involuntary muscle)