Chapter 1-2: Genetics Progressed from Mendel to DNA in Less Than a Century - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 1-2: Genetics Progressed from Mendel to DNA in Less Than a Century

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Title: Chapter 1-2: Genetics Progressed from Mendel to DNA in Less Than a Century


1
Chapter 1-2Genetics Progressed from Mendel to
DNA in Less Than a Century
By PresenterMedia.com
2
A Breakdown
  • Mendels Work

Item 1
  • Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

Item 2
  • Genetic Variation

Item 3
  • Search for the Chemical Nature of Genes

Item 4
3
Mendels Work
  • Essential Point 1 Mendels work on pea plants
    established the principles of gene transmission
    from parent to offspring that serve as the
    foundation for the science of genetics.

4
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
  • Essential Point 2 The Chromosome Theory of
    Inheritance explains how genetic information is
    transmitted from generation to generation.

5
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
  • Terms to know
  • Diploid (2n) 2 copies found in body cells.
  • Homologous chromosomes chromosomes appear in
    pairs. They are identical in size and location
    of centromeres.
  • Mitosis/Meiosis Replication and division of
    chromosomes for cell distribution.
  • Haploid (n) half the copies found in gametes.
  • Allele alternative forms of a gene
  • Phenotype observable features.
  • Genotype the set of alleles for a given trait
    in the genetic code.

6
Genetic Variation
  • Results from any heritable change.
  • Heritable changes are called MUTATIONS.
  • MUTATIONS can
  • Cause no change
  • Cause beneficial changes/
  • Natural Selection
  • Cause harmful changes

7
The Search for DNA or Protein?
  • Many researchers thought proteins were the
    chemical responsible for the passage of genes
    from parent to offspring.
  • 1944 Avery, etal proved that DNA was
    responsible for carrying genetic information in
    bacteria.

8
Questions to Consider
  • Can we apply Mendels theories to the inheritance
    of all traits? Give examples.
  • What information did Boveri Sutton provide that
    supported Mendels theories of inheritance?
  • Why was it difficult for scientists to accept
    Avery, etal claim that DNA was the mechanism of
    heredity in 1944? (hint when did Watson, Crick,
    and Franklin publish their findings?)
  • READ SECTION 1.3, page 6-8

9
1.3 Discovery of the Double Helix and Molecular
Genetics
  • Once Avery, etal proved that DNA was the
    mechanism of inheritance, the stage was set in
    the discovery of its structure.
  • 1953 Watson Crick described the molecular
    structure of DNA.
  • Awarded the Nobel Prize in
  • 1962

10
Gene Expression from DNA to phenotype
  • Also known as the Central Dogma

11
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12
Proteins and Biological Function
  • Proteins are the product of genetic expression.
  • What is/are the functions of proteins in living
    organisms?
  • 20 different Amino Acids the building blocks of
    proteins.
  • Lets do the math
  • Protein that contains 100 amino acids can have
    any one of the 20 A.A.s at each location
  • 20 100 5 trillion possibilities!!!
  • 3-dimensional conformation of the protein is
    essential to its biological function.
  • Enzymes shape is ESSENTIAL for bonding with
    chemicals at the active site.

13
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14
Phenotype and Genotype Sickle cell trait
RESULT Cant bind to oxygen for transport.
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