The Knee Joint - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Knee Joint

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The Knee Joint Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement 420:050 * * * * * * * * * * * * * EXTENSION Straightening or increasing angle between femur and shin EXTENSION ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Knee Joint


1
The Knee Joint
  • Anatomy and Physiology of Human Movement
  • 420050

2
Objectives
  • Bones, bony landmarks and joints
  • Muscles
  • Movements

3
Knee Joint
  • Large joint
  • Complex ligamentous structures
  • Femoral condyles articulate with tibial condyles
  • Medial/lateral tibial condyles (aka plateaus)
    act as receptacles for femoral condyles
  • Relatively stable joint despite injuries
  • Ligaments
  • Menisci
  • Quadriceps and hamstrings

4
Modified from Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ Textbook
of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975,
Mosby.
5
Modified from Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ Textbook
of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975,
Mosby.
6
Bones and Bony Landmarks
  • Tibia
  • Bears weight
  • Fibula
  • Serves as the attachment sight
  • Does not articulate with femur or patella
  • Not part of knee joint
  • Patella
  • Sesamoid bone imbedded in patellar tendon
  • Improves mechanical advantage in knee extension
  • Bony landmarks same as the hip joint

7
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8
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9
Lateral femoral epicondyle
Medial femoral epicondyle
Patella
Lateral tibial condyle
Medial tibial condyle
Head of fibula
Tibial tuberosity
10
Joint
  • Knee joint
  • Diarthrodial uniaxial hinge joint
  • Movements
  • Planes and axes
  • Patellofemoral joint
  • Diarthrodial nonaxial gliding joint
  • Gliding nature of patella on femoral condyles

11
Objectives
  • Bones, bony landmarks and joints
  • Muscles
  • Movements

12
Muscles
  • Quadriceps
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius
  • Hamstrings
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimembranosus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Popliteus
  • Gastrocnemius

13
Rectus Femoris
14
Vastus Medialis
15
Vastus Lateralis
16
Vastus Intermedius
17
Biceps Femoris
18
Semimembranosus
19
Semitendinosus
20
Sartorius
21
Gracilis
22
Popliteus
23
Gastrocnemius
24
Objectives
  • Bones, bony landmarks and joints
  • Muscles
  • Movements

25
Movements
  • Flexion
  • Bending or decreasing angle between femur and
    shin
  • Extension
  • Straightening or increasing angle between femur
    and shin

26
Movements
  • External rotation
  • Rotary movement of leg laterally away from
    midline
  • Internal rotation
  • Rotary movement of lower leg medially toward
    midline
  • Neither will occur unless flexed 20-30 degrees or
    more

27
LINE OF PULL
28
FLEXION
  • Bending or decreasing angle between femur and shin

29
Popliteus
30
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31
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32
FLEXION
33
FLEXION
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semimebranosus
  • Semitendinosus
  • Sartorius
  • Gracilis
  • Popliteus
  • Gastrocnemius

34
EXTENSION
  • Straightening or increasing angle between femur
    and shin

35
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36
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37
EXTENSION
38
EXTENSION
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus intermedius
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