Fish Diversity VI

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Fish Diversity VI
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TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI NEOTELEOSTS ACANTHOM
ORPHA ACANTHOPTERYGII

• Synapomorphy
• Maximal upper jaw mobility and protrusability
  (premaxillae ascending process)
• Highly developed pharyngeal dentition

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ACANTHOPTERYGII
Superorder ACANTHOPTERYGII (higher spiny
fishes) -Most diverse and diverse fishes 13500
spp. 251 families
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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Series Mugilimorpha (1 fam.)
• Order Mugiliformes (mullets)
• Nearshore catadromous species
• Separated spiny and soft dorsal fins
• Detritivorous and planktivorous
• Family Mugilidae
• (Genus Liza, Mugil,...)

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Series Atherinimorpha
• All are surface feeders
• Order Atheriniformes (8 fam.)
• Family Atherinidae (silversides)
• Order Beloniformes (5 fam.)
• Family Belonidae (needlefishes)
• Family Exocetidae (flyingfish)
• Order Cyprinidontiformes (8 fam.)
• Family Fundilidae (killifishes)
• Family Poecilidae (guppies, mollies)
• Family Cyprinodontidae (pupfishes)

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ACANTHOPTERYGII

• Synapomorphy
• Anterior pelvic girdle conected to pectoral
  girdle
• Pelvic fin typically I,5

Series PERCOMORPHA
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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Stephanobercyformes (9 fam.)
• Deep water, photophores, reduced spines
• Order Bercyformes (7 fam.)
• Large eyes (deepwater or nocturnal), strong
  spines
• Family Trachichthydae (orange roughies)
• Family Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and
  soldierfishes)

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Gasterosteiformes (11 fam.)
• Small mouths and dermal plates
• Family Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks)
• Family Signathidae (pipefishes and seahorses)
• Family Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes)
• Order Scorpaeniformes (25 fam.)
• Spines projecting from head bones
• Benthic habitats
• Family Scorpaenidae (Rockfishes and
  Scorpionfishes)
• Family Cottidae (Sculpins)

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ACANTHOPTERYGII
Series PERCOMORPHA
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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)
• 9300 spp. (1/3 of all fishes)
• Suborder Percoidei (71 fam.)
• Spines in dorsal, pelvic and anal fins
• Two dorsal fins
• Ctenoid scales
• Pelvic fins in thoracic position, laterally
  positioned pectoral fins...
• Representative families
• Serranidae (groupers) Carangidae (jacks)
• Centrarchidae (sunfishes black-basses)
• Lutjanidae (snappers) Spariidae (porgies)
• Scianenidae (drums) Mullidae (goatfishes)
• Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes)
• Pomacanthidae (angelfishes)

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)
• Suborder Elassomatoidei (1 fam.)
• Family Elassomateidae (pigmy sunfishes)
• Suborder Labroidei (6 fam.) (2200 spp.)
• Advanced faryngeal jaws
• Family Labridae (Wrasses)
• Family Scaridae (parrotfishes)
• Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes)
• Family Cichlidae (cichlids)

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)
• Suborder Zoarcoidei (9 fam.)
• Family Zoarcidae (eel pouts)
• Family Anarchichadidae (wolfishes)
• Suborder Gobiodei (8 fam.)
• Modified pelvic fins (disc or suction cup)
• Family Gobiidae (Gobies) (1875 spp.)
• Suborder Acanthuroidei (6 fam.)
• Family Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes and
  unicornfishes)
• Family Zanclidae (moorish idol)

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.)
• Suborder Scombroidei
• Family Sphyraenidae (barracudas)
• Family Scombridae (Mackerels ans tunas)
• Family Xiphiidae (swordfish)
• Family Istiophoridae (marlins and spearfishes)
• And many more......

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ACANTHOPTERYGII
Series PERCOMORPHA
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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Pleuronectiformes (11 fam.)
• Eyes on same side of the head
• Compressed bodies
• Benthic habitats
• Family Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders)
• Family Bothidae (lefteye flounders)
• Familt Soleidae (soles)

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Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Tetraodontiformes (9 fam.)
• Craneal bone fusions
• Thick leathery skin, highly modified scales
• Family Balistidae (triggerfishes)
• Family Monacanthidae (filefishes)
• Family Ostraciidae (boxfishes)
• Family Tetraodontidae (puffers)
• Family Diodontidae (porcupinefishes)
• Family Molidae (molas)