Bell Ringer

1
Bell Ringer

• Define

Reconstruction
2
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
____ Describe the Word
Synonym
Vocabulary Map
Vocabulary Word Reconstruction
Use the word in a sentence _____________________
__________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Draw a picture representing the meaning of the
vocab word
3
Reconstruction

• The Rebuilding of the Union After the Civil War
  1863-1877

4
The Emancipation Proclamation

• The first step of Reconstruction.
• Issued after the Battle of Antietam. (1862)
• Freed all slaves located in Confederate States.

• Those slaves were forever free.
• Slaves Freemen could join the military.
• Took effect on January 1st, 1863.

5
What is Slavery?

• Slavery is enjoying the fruits of another mans
  labor, without permission.

6
How do you enjoy freedom?

• Give us land and then we can enjoy the fruits
  of our labor.
• Sherman began to set aside land in plots of 40
  acres and gave out the worn down mules from the
  military

7
April 9, 1865
Appomattox Court House, Virginia
8

• Blacks who have so heroically vindicated their
  manhood on the battle-field, where, in assisting
  to serve the life of the Republic, they have
  demonstrated in blood their right to the Ballot.

• The restoration of the Rebel States to the
  Union must rest upon the principle of Civil and
  political equality of both races.

How would the South react to this speech?
9
April 14th, 1865
10
(No Transcript)
11
"Our country owed all her troubles to him, and
God simply made me the instrument of his
punishment"
12
Oh Captain!My Captain!
13
Lesson Objectives

• What were the opposing views of Reconstruction in
  the wake of the Civil War? 
• Who supported these competing views and why?
• Was Reconstruction a success?  Why or why not?

14
The War Is Over
15
Virgil Caine is the name, and I served on the
Danville train
16
'Til Stoneman's cavalry came and tore up the
tracks again.
17
In the winter of '65, We were hungry, just barely
alive.
18
By May the tenth, Richmond had fell, it's a time
I remember, oh so well,
19
(No Transcript)
20
(No Transcript)
21
(No Transcript)
22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
Back with my wife in Tennessee, When one day she
called to me,
25
"Virgil, quick, come see, there goes Robert E.
Lee!"
26
Now I don't mind choppin' wood, and I don't care
if ma money's no good.Ya take what ya need and
ya leave the rest,But they should never have
taken the very best.
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
Like my father before me, Im a working man,
33
Like my brother before me, who took a rebel stand.
34
He was just eighteen, proud and brave, But a
Yankee laid him in his grave.
35
The War Is Over?

• "The countryside looked for many miles like a
  broad, black streak of ruin and desolation, the
  fences all gone, lonesome smokestacks surrounded
  by dark heaps of ashes and cinders. The fields
  along the road wildly overgrown by weeds, and
  here and there a sickly patch of cotton or corn
  cultivated by Negro squatters." - Carl Schurz

36
Questions to be Answered during Reconstruction

• How would the South rebuild its society and
  economy?
• What would be the place in society of the freed
  blacks?
• How would the southern states reenter the Union?
• Who would be in charge, the President or Congress?

37
Conflicts Still Remain
38
North hopes to continue economic progress
39
Southern Aristocracy still needed cheap labor
supply
40
Lincoln believed the southern states had never
left the Union because the Constitution did not
allow Secession
41

• With Malice toward none, with charity for all,
  with firmness in the right, as God gives us to
  see the right, let us strive on to finish the
  work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds.
• Abraham Lincoln
• 2nd Inaugural Address

42
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction 1863

• Full presidential pardons granted to most
  southerners who (1) took an oath of allegiance to
  the Union and US Constitution and (2) accepted
  the emancipation of slaves.
• A state government could be reestablished as soon
  as 10 of the voters in that state took the
  loyalty oath

43
This 10 Plan was seen by many northerners as too
lenient
The Wade-Davis Bill was a more harsh response
passed by a Radical Republican led Congress.
44
With Lincolns untimely death, the conflict
between the Presidency and Congress over
Reconstruction erupted.
45
The Wrong Man at the Wrong Time

• A white supremacist from Tennessee
• A Tailor by trade
• Self-educated man
• Became President after Lincolns Assassination

46
Lick My Boots!

• Johnson changed plan from 10 to 51
• State Conventions must pass the 13th Amendment
  abolishing slavery
• Added that if a Southerner who owned property
  worth 20,000 or more they were excluded and must
  request a pardon personally before Andrew Johnson
• Johnson hated this upper class of Southerners and
  blamed them for starting the war

47
Johnsons Plan

• Considered too lenient like Lincolns
• Clause allowed president to grant pardons, which
  he did regularly to former southern statesmen
  (Who else would run the South?)

48

• Johnson was willing to admit states once the
  portion that swore the loyalty oath had written a
  constitution and established a new government
• The South rushed to form new governments that
  they would have a say in forming before the new
  Congress returned

49
The Souths Response Black Codes

• Many states passed laws restricting the rights of
  freedmen.
• Vagrancy laws forced former slaves to work for
  low wages for the same people who used to own
  slaves

50
Radical Republicans

• Believed the South should be punished for
  starting the war
• Hoped to protect the rights of freed men
  especially suffrage and free labor

51
Race Riots Break out in South

• Increases great fear across North that
  Reconstruction is not working and freedmen are
  being exploited and attacked.

52
Election of 1866Waving the Bloody Shirt

• Angered by President Johnsons policies and
  pardons many Radical Republicans were elected to
  Congress
• Gave the Radicals enough power to override
  Johnsons actions

53

• Congress alone can do it. . . Congress must
  create states and declare whether they are to be
  represented.
• Thaddeus Stevens

Charles Sumner
54
Johnson Congress Clash

• Congress extended the Freedmens Bureau over
  Johnsons Veto
• Passed over Johnsons Veto, the Civil Rights Act
  of 1866 designed to grant freedmen full legal
  equality and undercut the Black Codes

55

• Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act
• Stated that the President could not fire any
  official approved by the Senate unless the Senate
  approved the firing.

56
Get Your Tickets!
57

• Johnson fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton
• Andrew Johnson was impeached by the House of
  Representatives but missed by two votes in the
  Senate to find him guilty

58
Radicals Make it Official

• 13th Amendment Abolished Slavery in the United
  States (1865)
• 14th Amendment defined citizenship to include
  freed blacks guarantees due process of law and
  equal protection under law Ties representation
  in the House to the proportion of male suffrage
  in a states population (overrides 3/5 clause.
  (1866)
• 15th Amendment gave the right to vote to any
  male, regardless of race (1870)

59
Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Divided South in to 5 military districts and
  placed them under military rule
• Required states to ratify the 14th Amendment
• Guaranteed freedmen the right to vote in
  conventions to write new state constitutions

60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
Custodians of Freedom!

• Equality Now Written into the Constitution!
• The Federal government now became the protector
  of Civil Rights
• Aggrieved citizens would not appeal to the
  Federal government when their rights may had
  been violated
• Enforcement Act issued to enforce new rights
  (Secret Service expanded to oversee the
  enforcement)

63
1865 Freedmens Bureau

• Established to educate newly freed slaves (Fisk,
  Howard University)
• Feed those suffering after the war
• Worked to help turn former slaves into wage
  earners labor contracts

64
Freed Blacks rise to Government Positions during
Radical Reconstruction
Hiram Revels was 1st Black Senator

• First Black members of Congress

65
Realities and Responses to Reconstruction

• Carpetbaggers - Republicans from the North who
  took advantage of the broken South and packed
  their bags to gain politically and economically
  in the South
• Scalawags Term for rascals, Southerners who
  quickly converted to Republicans

66
One view of Reconstruction
67
Changes in Southern Agriculture

• Debt peonage Planters signed former slaves to
  labor contracts in which planters gave money to
  laborers in exchange for work. Kept the freedman
  in constant debt.
• Sharecropping Farmers grew a crop on land owned
  by someone else in return for a percentage of the
  crop
• Tenant Farmers Farmers who paid rent to use of
  land

68
(No Transcript)
69

• This is an institution of Chivalry, Humanity,
  Mercy and Patriotism, embodying in its genius and
  its principles all that is chivalric in conduct,
  noble in sentiment, generous in manhood and
  patriotic in purpose. Our goals are to protect
  the weak, innocent and defenseless, to protect
  and defend the constitution of the United
  States.

• We hold this to be a government of white
  people, made and to be perpetuated for the
  exclusive benefit of the white race, and that
  people of African descent cannot be considered
  citizens of the United States, and that there
  can, in no event, nor under any circumstances, be
  any equality between white and other races.

70
Matching

• We hold this to be a government of white
  people, made and to be perpetuated for the
  exclusive benefit of the white race, and that
  people of African descent cannot be considered
  citizens of the United States, and that there
  can, in no event, nor under any circumstances, be
  any equality between white and other races.

• This is an institution of Chivalry, Humanity,
  Mercy and Patriotism, embodying in its genius and
  its principles all that is chivalric in conduct,
  noble in sentiment, generous in manhood and
  patriotic in purpose. Our goals are to protect
  the weak, innocent and defenseless, to protect
  and defend the constitution of the United
  States.

71
The Whites Social Club

• Ku Klux Klan group that formed primarily in the
  South in response to Congress pro-black
  legislation that promised to defend the social
  and political superiority of whites against the
  aggressions of an inferior race.

72
The Klan

• Led by former Confederate General Nathan Bedford
  Forrest
• Used violence and intimidation to prevent blacks
  from voting, holding office, and exercising their
  civil, political, and economic rights.
• President Grant sent troops to the South to stop
  the domestic violence of the KKK
• By 1876, white supremacists gain control over
  Southern states.

73
Reconstruction ends with a Compromise

• Election of 1876 Hayes versus Tilden
• Election results were in dispute
• Compromise Rutherford B. Hayes would become
  president if he promised to remove federal troops
  from southern states.

74

• Colfax, La.

75
The Fourteenth Amendment restrains only state
action. And the fifth section of the Amendment
empowers Congress only to enforce the prohibition
on state action. The amendment did not authorize
national legislation on subjects which are within
the domain of the state. Private acts of racial
discrimination were simply private wrongs that
the national government was powerless to correct.
76
Which of the Following was an action supported by
the radical Republicans during Reconstruction?

1. Sharecropping by Freedmen
2. The Ku Klux Klan
3. Freedmans Bureau
4. Black Codes

77

• It is clear that the Reconstruction period was
  going to be painful. President warned of this,
  but I dont think that anyone understood what was
  coming. This after-war era was at the least, poor
  communication, and at the most, a war in itself.
  Americas foundation was set by compromise to
  make everyone content. The South needed slaves
  for their economy, but the North had thought of
  slavery as wrong long before the war. Once the
  North didnt have their main source for income,
  they needed help, and they were too angry with
  the North to accept it.
• Carpet baggers may have been a controversial
  idea, but I believe they were right to do what
  they did. They moved south, and helped start the
  tenet farming and sharecropping systems. This put
  more cash into the souths pockets, and
  re-boosted their agricultural production. I
  believe that if the south had accepted these
  people, there would be less of a debate on
  weather this time was a success or failure.
• But rather than accepting what they had for share
  croppers and tenet farmers, they set up the
  Black Codes. They made unpaid work punishment
  for blacks unlawfulness, which is practically
  lawful slavery, and is a violation of the 14th
  amendment. The Ku Klux Klan was also started and
  this caused many Hate Crimes. Yes it was a
  failure, but it was more successful. Look at us
  today we have no slaves, we are very racially
  tolerant, and we are going to accept a black
  president for the first time ever. The hell that
  the radical republicans went through to make sure
  that the problem was being taken care of at the
  time made it so we didnt have another civil war
  20 years later because of something they put
  off.