Characteristics and Treatment of Common Respiratory Disorders H10.03

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Characteristics and Treatment of Common
Respiratory DisordersH10.03

• Splawn

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Common Cold

• Viral
• Contagious
• Spreads quickly
• are cough, sore throat, runny nose, blocked nose,
  and sneezing sometimes accompanied by pink eye',
  muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle
  weakness, uncontrollable shivering, loss of
  appetite, and rarely extreme exhaustion

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Common Cold continued

• Can have an indirect cause
• Indirect causes include chilling, fatigue, lack
  of proper food, not enough sleep.

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Treatment of the Common Cold

• Stay in bed
• Drink plenty of fluids
• Eat wholesome foods

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Laryngitis

• Inflammation of the larynx, (voice box)
• Hoarseness of loss of voice from cold, flu,
  overuse, allergies, GERD,

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Treatment of Laryngitis

• Try to rest your voice
• Add moisture to the air in your home with a
  humidifier or vaporizer
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Don't smoke, and stay away from other peoples
  smoke.

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Sinusitis

• An infection of the mucous membrane that lines
  the sinus cavities.
• cute sinusitis usually follows a viral infection
  in the upper respiratory tract, but allergens
  (allergy-causing substances) or pollutants may
  also trigger acute sinusitis.
• Symptoms are pain and nasal discharge

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Sinusitis Treatment

• Drink plenty of fluids
• Humidifier
• Expectorant
• Pain reliever
• Possibly need an antibiotic

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Bronchitis

• Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the
  trachea and the bronchial tubes which produces
  excessive mucus
• Often follows URI
• May be acute or chronic
• Cough, fever, substernal pain, rales (a raspy
  congestion)

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Chronic Bronchitis

• Middle or older age
• Smoking is the most common cause
• Persistent cough
• Large amounts of sputum

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Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis

• Treatment is symptomatic
• Patient must stop smoking

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Influenza

• Viral infection causing inflammation of the
  mucous membrane of the respiratory system
• Accompanied by fever, nasal discharge, muscular
  pain, and extreme exhaustion
• Complications-pneumonia, ear infection, pleurisy
  may follow

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Pneumonia

• Infection of the lung
• Viral or bacterial
• The alveoli become filled with a thick fluid
  called exudate which contains pus and red blood
  cells
• s/schest pain, fever, chills, dyspnea

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Right lower lobe pneumonia
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Treatment of Pneumonia

• Oxygen as needed
• Antibiotics

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Tuberculosis

• Infectious bacterial lung disease. Mycobacterium
  tuberculosis
• Tubercles (lesions) form in the lung
• S/Scough, low grade fever in afternoon, weight
  loss, night sweats

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TB

• Mantoux skin test
• Treatment is with antibiotic

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Asthma

• Airway obstructed due to an inflammatory response
  to a stimuli or stress
• Symptoms include difficulty exhaling, dyspnea,
  wheezing, and tightness in the chest

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Treatment of Asthma

• Anti-inflammatory drugs
• Inhaled bronchodilator

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Emphysema

• Alveoli become over-dilated, lose their
  elasticity and cannot rebound.
• They may eventually rupture
• Air cannot escapetrapped
• Difficult to exhale
• Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2
• Dyspnea increases as disease progresses

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Lung with emphysema
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Treatment of emphysema

• Alleviate symptoms as much as possible
• Reduce exposure to respiratory irritants
• Stop smoking
• Prevent infections
• Restructure their activity to minimize their need
  for oxygen

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Terminology

• Apnea periods without breath
• Dyspnea difficulty breathing
• Tachypnea rapid breathing