DISASTER PREPAREDNESS A Time-Dependent and Policy-Driven Process to Underpin Disaster Resilience

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DISASTER PREPAREDNESS A Time-Dependent and
Policy-Driven Process to Underpin Disaster
Resilience
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA
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THE STATE OF THE WORLD UNPREPARED

• REALITY 200 Nations and 7 Billion People are
  Investing Over 6 Trillion Dollars Each Year in
  Urban Development and Billions in Education.
• REALITY Each Year, approximately 700-900 Events
  Cause Economic losses in the
  Billions With Large Tolls in Mortality and
  Morbidity and a Loss Potential That is
  Increasing Exponentially With Time.

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DISASTERS OCCUR WHEN--- A COMMUNITYS PUBLIC
POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE

• UNPREPARED

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COMMUNITY
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
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GOALFROM UNPREPARED TO A STATE OF
PREPAREDNESS FOR ALL NATURAL HAZARDS
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The GoalMaking Cities Disaster Resilient

• Concentrating all Available Resources on The
  Urgent Goal ISDR Introduced to the World on
• October 13th, 2010

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A PART OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD DISASTER
REDUCTION CAMPAIGNCoordinated by the United
Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (ISDR)
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THE WAY FORWARD

• DISASTER RESILIENCE
• IN
• EVERY CITY IN EVERY REGION OF THE WORLD
• AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE

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TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN EVERY CITY
THROUGHOUT WORLD
ADOPTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION POLICIES /PROGRAMS
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ELEMENT 1 OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK ASSESSMENTS

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ELEMENT 2 OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• PREDICTIONS, FORECASTS AND WARNING SYSTEMS

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ELEMENT 3 OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIOS

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ELEMENT 4 OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• INSURANCE

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ELEMENT 4 OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

• TOWARDS THE INTELLIGENT COMMUNITY

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ELEMENTS OF RISK
RISK
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HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK ASSESSMENTS

• WHERE WILL THE NAT. HAZARD OCCUR?
• WHEN?
• PHYSICAL EFFECTS?
• HOW BIG OR SEVERE?
• WHAT IS AT RISK?
• THE VULNERABILITIES?
• EXPECTED DAMAGE?
• EXPECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS?

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GOAL The implementation of policies by local
governments that will move their cities towards
disaster resilience.
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An Unique Opportunity This is an opportunity
for the worlds more than 1 million cities to
adopt the ISDRS urgent goal of becoming disaster
resilient as quickly as possible, and to find
ways to make it happen.
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SOME OF THE KINDS OF DISASTERS THAT HAPPENED
DURING 2010-2011 DEMONSTRATE THE URGENT NEED
FOR RESILIENCE
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EARTHQUAKES 2010

• HAITI
• CHILE
• TURKEY
• INDONESIA
• CHINA
• TAIWAN

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EARTHQUAKES 2011

• JAPAN
• CHILE
• NEW ZEALAND
• TURKEY

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LANDSLIDES 2010

• MACHU PICCHU
• SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• MADEIRA (PORTUGAL)
• BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO)
• TAIWAN
• SANTA MARIA TLAHUITOLTAPEC

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SEVERE WINDSTORMS 2010 XynthiaTropical
Storms and Hurricanes Atlantic BasinTropical
Storms and Hurricanes Pacific BasinTyphoonsCycl
ones
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SEVERE WINDSTORMS 2011 Tornadoes in
USAHurricane IreneTropical Storm Lee Typhoons

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FLOODS 2010

• BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO)
• EUROPE
• PAKISTAN

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FLOODS 2011

• QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
• MISSISSIPPI RIVER AREA, USA
• BANGKOK, THAILAND

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VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS2010

• ICELAND
• INDONESIA

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VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS2011

• ICELAND

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WILDFIRES 2010

• SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• RUSSIA
• ISRAEL

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WILDFIRES 2011

• ARIZONA
• TEXAS

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DROUGHT

• CONTINUES IN THE CARIBBEAN
• CONTINUES IN WESTERN CHINA

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OIL SPILLS AND LEAKS 2010

• GULF OF MEXICO
• CHINA

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THE RESILIENT CITIES CAMPAIGN

• THE CAMPAIGN WILL SUCCEED WHEN CITIES ARE
  PREPARED FOR ALL NATURAL HAZARDS, AND ARE
  REDUCING DISASTER RISKS TOWARDS ZERO

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EVERY REGION HAS CITIES WITH CHAMPIONS TO
PROVIDE LEADERSHIP
SUB-SAHARA AFRICA
CARIBBEAN BASIN
EUROPE
200 NATIONS AND 7 BILLION PEOPLE
NORTH AMERICA
MEDITER- RANEAN
SOUTH AMERICA
ISLAND NATIONS
ASIA
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THE GOAL OF EVERY CITY

• LESS RISK!
• PREPARED FOR ALL NATURAL HAZARDS (E.G., FLOODS,
  SEVERE WINDSTORMS, EARTHQUAKES)

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F A C E IS THE KEY

• FACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY!
• COMMUNITY AND REGIONAL ALLIANCES!

• CHANGE IN THINKING!
• EFFORTS THAT BUILD LOCAL CAPACITY FOR PREPAREDNESS

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USE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCES AS A BASIS
FOR LOCAL PUBLIC POLICIES
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
RESILIENT TRANSPORTATION
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
SEED BED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE CAMPAIGHS THAT
MEET COMMUNITY NEEDS
RESILIENT DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
NATURAL TECH. HAZARDS
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
RESILIENT ENTERPRISE
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CITY PLANS FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
- Perspectives On Science,
Policy, And EDUC.
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HOW TO FAIL
GOALS
FACT NO CITY CAN REDUCE ITS DISASTER RISKS
WITHOUT A LONG-TERM STRATEGIC EFFORT.
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HOW TO SUCCEED
STRATEGIC GOAL WORKING TOGETHER TO INCREASE
CAPACITY IN EVERY SECTOR OF THE CITY
SUCCESS A STATE OF PREPAREDNESS IN EVERY CITY

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TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disaster
RISK
ISLAND NATIONS
FOCUS ON PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND INNO-VATIVE
IMPLEMENTATION
BUILD ON CULTURAL DIVERSITY OF NATIONS IN THE
REGION
BUILD TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CAPACITY FOR
INCREASED COMMITMENT
DEVELOP FINANCIAL RESOURCES
IMPROVE COMMUNICATIONS
INCREASE RESILIENCE OF COMMUNITIES BY REDUCING
VULMERABILITIES
INCREASE AND IMPROVE PARTNERSHIPS
IMPROVE PUBLIC EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
ENHANCE PUBLIC HEALTH
INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS
REDUCE PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND ENTERPRISE
VULNERABILITIES
IIPROVE CAPACITY FOR PERFORMING LOSS ESTIMATIONS
ACCELERATE EDUCATION (WITH FOCUS ON RISK
REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
ESTABLISH AN AFRICAN CENTER OF EXCELLENCE ON
SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE CAPACITY TO MITIGATE DAMAGE/LOSS OF
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
ESTABLISH SUB-REGIONAL CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE ON
SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
CARIBBEAN BASIN NATIONS
ASSESS AND REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON NATIONAL
SCALES
INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF SOCIAL AND
PHYSICAL RISKS
INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF RISKS IN EVERY NATION
ASSESS AND REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON REGIONAL
SCALE
ASSESS AND REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON
ISLAND-SPECIFIC SCALES
CONTINUE BUILDING BASIN-WIDE PARTNERSHOPS
ASSESS AND REDUCE VULNERABILITIES ON COMMUNITY
SCALES
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
EUROPE
ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRAMS
IMPROVE EARLY WARNING AND EARLY RESPONSE
IMPROVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMPOWER POLLITICAL WILL TO CHANGE POLICIES AND
PRACTICES
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO NATURAL AND
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE AND CULTURAL
HERITAGE
CREATE A FORUM ON DISAS-TER RISK MANAGEMENT
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
MEDITERRANEAN REGION
ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRAMS
INCREASE PUBLIC AWARENESS IN EVERY NATION
IMPROVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
EMPOWER POLITICAL WILL TO CHANGE POLICIES AND
PRACTICES
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO NATURAL AND
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
TOWARDs SUSTAINABLE SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE AND CULTURAL
HERITAGE
CONTINUE IMPROVING PARTNERSHIPS FOR DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES IN EACH REGION

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
ASIA
FORMATION OF CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS
IMPROVE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

REDUCE ALL URBAN VULNERABILITIES

IMPROVE ALL ASPECTS OF DATA MANAGEMENT

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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
THE AMERICAS
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS AND EDUCATION
IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO AVOID DISASTERS AS PART
OF LAND-USE PLANNING
IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO MATCH STRUCTURAL DESIGN
WITH HAZARD DEMAND
IMPROVE HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION MODELS AND MAPS
IMPROVE EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS, RESPONE, AND
RECOVERY
DEVELOP COMMUNITY REDUCE ALL URBAN
VULNERABILITIES
IMPROVE DISASTER SCENARIOS
IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY AND RISK
ASSESSMENTS
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
THE AMERICAS (CONTINUED)
IMPROVE DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT
IMPROVE MITIGATION AND PREPAREDNESS MODELS TO
MANAGE RISK
IMPROVE THE NEXT GENERATION OF BUILDING CODES
AND STANDARDS
IMPROVE PROCESS FOR SHARING KNOWLEDGE AND
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF INTERACTION OF HAZARD
AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
ENHANCING MULTIPLE EFFORTS IN CAPACITY BUILDING
INCREASED COLLECTION AND SHARING OF KNOWLEDGE
CLOSE IMPLEMENTATION GAP
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TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES

GOAL Focus on Success FAILURE IS A LOSS FOR
EVERYONE!
INNOVATIVE IMPLEMENTATION IS THE KEY
COORDINATED GOVERNMENT POLICES, PRACTICES, AND
LEGISLATION
OUTREACH BY KNOWLEDGE PRODUCING ORGANIZATIONS

COUNTER-DISASTER TRAINING OF RESPONSIBLE PERSONS
IMPROVED TRANS-BORDER LINKAGES BETWEEN COUNTRIES
PUBLIC AWARENESS TO GAIN SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINED
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPROVED LEVERAGING OF EXISTING INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS
COORDINATED BUSINESS POLICIES AND PRACTICES
COMMINICATION!
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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IS A 24/7 EFFORT

• PREVENTION (CONTROL THE SOURCE)
• PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)
• LAND-USE CONTROL (AVOIDANCE)

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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION IS A 24/7 EFFORT

• MONITORING (FACILITATES EARLY WARNING,
  EVACUATION, AND INTERVENTION TO PROTECT PEOPLE
  AND PROPERTY)