TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY TERTIARY EDUCATION POLICY

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TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMYTERTIARY EDUCATION
POLICY STRATEGY KEY TO TRANSFORMATION
TERTIARY EDUCATION COUNCILTransforming Tertiary
Education

• Dr. P. Molutsi
• Executive Secretary
• Tertiary Education Council
• March 2011

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The Progress Model.
1966
Now
3 km 6367 km
6 Sec School 233
60.00 18,340 GDP capita

Bottom Upper 25 poorest
Middle Income

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Political Stability.
90 -100 percentile Most stable democracy in the
world
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Macro Economy
90-100 percentile Global ranking (2007) 41 (128)
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Institutional Regime
90-100 percentile Global Ranking (2007) 38 (128)
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Other Key Enablers
2007 Global Rankings Infrastructure 67
(128) Market Efficiency 61 (128)
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Knowledge Economy Index
Sweden 9.17
S. Africa 4.89 Mauritius 4.25 Botswana 4.20
Africa 2.46
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Development Stage
Stages of Development Characteristics
Resource Driven Unskilled and low wage labour Cheap Natural Resources
Investment Driven A strategic shift in the economy towards a knowledge intensive service sector
Innovation Driven Domestic knowledge generation New and unique innovations
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Peer Comparator Countries
Stages of Development Countries
Resource Driven Africa A to Z
Transition from 1-2 Botswana Algeria Libya Namibia Tunisia
Investment Driven Mauritius South Africa
Innovation Driven Canada and Australia USA
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The Burning Platform
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Resource Dependency
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The most Problematic areas
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What Botswana must get right
Key Enhancers Current global rankings
Tertiary Education 89 (128)
Health General education 115 (128)
Technological readiness 81 (128)
Business sophistication 98 (128)
Innovation 92 (128)
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Knowledge Economy Index Tertiary Education
Pillar
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Tertiary Education Policy.
Republic of Botswana Ministry of
Education TOWARDS A KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY WHITE
PAPER ON TERTIARY EDUCATION March 2008
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Driver of Development.
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Value Proposition.
BENEFITS

OUTCOMES
Tertiary Institutions Employment
Salaries Goods Services Student expenditures
Botswanas Aggregate Wealth
Skilled Adaptable People Quality Jobs Enhanced
Income Personal Development
Botswanas Societal Advancement and Quality
of Life
Knowledge Discovery Research Innovation Product
development Investment Income
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VISION 2016 ALIGNMENT
Prosperous Productive
Policy Execution
Educated Informed
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2009-2016
Policy Fit
Open, Democratic Accountable

1. Human Resource Development
2. Research Innovation
3. Economic Social Transformation

Safe Secure
Tertiary Education
United Proud
Compassionate, Just Caring
Moral Tolerant
100
Moral Tolerant
Primary Pillar Number
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Policy Goal -1.

• HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

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Human Resource DevelopmentKey Driver since 1960s.
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Educational Attainment
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Peers and Comparators
Botswana South Africa Mauritius New Zealand
11.4 15.3 17.2 63.2
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Government Spend on Tertiary Education
Botswana South Africa Mauritius New Zealand
18.6 14.6 15.6 24.9
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Tertiary Education Problem Tree.
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Tertiary Employment Problem Tree.
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Tertiary Education Enrollment Goal.
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Policy Goal -2.

• RESEARCH INNOVATION

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Exciting Challenges.
The battle for ideas is on and it is up to us as
a nation as to whether we want to join the
leaders and be counted.. It has worked for small
states such as Finland, Ireland, Singapore,
Taiwan, South Korea, Mauritius,..
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What keeps Botswana behind?

• Very small ST HR base ( 2, 160 employees within
  ST system)
• RD personnel as of total employment is below
  optimal (lt2.7 researchers per 1000 employed)
• Low GERD (gross expenditure on RD as of GDP)
• Most research focussed on wrong areas that do not
  have long term high value e.g. agricultural,
  manufacturing
• Inadequate management of ST such as indicators,
  priority areas, monitoring, political ST
  leadership
• Overly focussed on import of technologies which
  restricts breakthrough ideas
• Current University bias towards a teaching
• Poor patent record (5 patents by 2004?) e.g.
  gt500K /yr in Japan
• Thinking that strengthening traditional
  attributes will bring lasting prosperity

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Botswana - a small but heavy state

• Vision 2016 - 1997
• ST Policy - 1998
• New Zealand Consortium Report for a framework -
  2000
• Ministry of Communications Science and Technology
  - 2002
• Botswana National Research Science and Technology
  Plan - 2005
• Maitlamo ICT Policy (e-government, legal etc) -
  2006
• Botswana Innovation Hub (BIH) Business Plan
  2006
• Botswana International University of S T 2003
• Medical School - 1998
• SLOW RECORD OF IMPLEMENTATION
• ..Need to remember that we are playing catch-up!
• 10 years to implement a policy or project is too
  long

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Innovation Model
Radical Innovation
Evolutionary Innovation
Business as Usual
Planning Horizon
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Choices and Consequences

QUANTUM GROWTH
STAGNATE
DECLINE
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Tertiary Education Research Innovation System
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Tertiary R I Value Chain
RESEARCH
INNOVATION
Early Growth Production
Basic RD
Applied RD
Prototype R I
Pilot Production
Mature Production
Concept/ Idea
Market Needs
(Venture Capitalists, Industry, Banks, other
financiers.)
INCENTIVES Research Allocations
FUNDING ( Research Allocations )
FUNDING
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Policy Goal -3.

• SYSTEM INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY

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System Level Fragmentation.
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A Single Accountability.
Ministry of Education and Skills Training
Department of Tertiary Education
Human Resource Development Council
Skills Training and Development Tertiary
Education Human Resource Development
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INSTITUTIONAL PROFILES
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Funding Strategy.
High
High
High
low
low
low
Funding
Expenditures
Value for Money
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A new Institutional
A new Institutional Landscape.
Satellite Campus
Institute of Health Science
Satellite Campus
BOCODOL Open Distance Learning
Satellite Campus
Education Community Colleges
Private Institution
Satellite Campus
Private Institution
Colleges Of Technology
Satellite Campus
UB Comprehensive Research Intensive University
BIUST Science and Technology University
Private Institution
Satellite Campus
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SYSTEM-INSTITUTIONAL GOVERNANCE MODEL.
Control high
Steering
Autonomy
low
Tertiary Education Council
Government
Tertiary Institutions
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Qualifications Framework
LEVEL QUALIFICATION TYPE
10 Ph.D
9 Masters
8 Undergraduate degree
7 Diplomas
6 Certificate
1-5 General education to Senior Secondary
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Policy Implementation

• Managing by Project
• Developing our People

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Managing by Project.








NDP9
NDP10
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Formulation Monitoring Evaluation Advice
Formulation Monitoring Evaluation Advice
Developing our People.

S U C E S S
PLAN MANAGE