GCSE Physical Education Performance Enhancing

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GCSE Physical Education Performance Enhancing
Recreational Drugs
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Learning Objectives

• By the end of this lesson pupils should
• Know about the different categories of drugs
• (performance-enhancing and recreational)
• Be able to explain the impact of
• performance-enhancing drugs on wellbeing
• and performance
• Be able to explain the effects of smoking
• and alcohol on general health

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What is a drug?

• A drug is a substance that can be taken in
• a variety of ways to produce expected and
• welcome physical and or psychological effects
  on
• the person taking it
• Drugs may also cause some effects that are both
• unpleasant and unwanted. These are known as
• side-effects.
• There are two main categories of drugs
• - Performance-enhancing
• - Recreational

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Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Performance-Enhancing Drugs

• Performance enhancing drugs can enhance a
  persons performance in some way, either in
  physical activity and training, or daily life.
  Performance-enhancing drugs include
• Anabolic steroids
• Beta blockers
• Diuretics
• Narcotic analgesics
• Stimulants
• Peptide Hormones (erythropoietin/EPO)

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Anabolic Steroids
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Anabolic Steroids
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Anabolic Steroids

• Drugs that mimic the male sex hormone
• testosterone and promote bone and muscle
• growth
• The most commonly used to enhance
• performance in sport, because they produce
• improvement quickly
• They increase muscle mass and develop
• bone growth, therefore increasing strength
• while at the same time allowing the athlete
  to
• train hard and recover quicker

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Anabolic Steroids

• Steroids increase aggression and some
• athletes take it mainly for this reason. The
• other side effects for anabolic steroids
  include
• - Deepening of voice and growth of facial
  hair
• - Increased risk of heart attacks and strokes
• - High blood pressure
• - Liver disease
• - Increased risk of muscle injury
• - Infertility in women
• - Death

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Beta Blockers
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Beta Blockers
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Beta Blockers

• Drugs that are used to control the heart
• rate and have a calming and relaxing effect
• Commonly prescribed for people with
• heart problems as they maintain a low
• heart rate and lower blood pressure. As a
• result stress levels and anxiety are reduced
• Used in target sports where steadiness and
• precision are required, because they reduce
• the heart rate

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Beta Blockers

• Beta Blockers can reduce a fit persons
• heart rate to a dangerous level. The
• other side-effects of beta blockers
• include
• - Nausea and diarrhoea
• - Tiredness
• - Depression
• - Insomnia and nightmares

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Diuretics
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Diuretics
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Diuretics

• Drugs that elevate the rate of urine reduction
• Certain foods are natural diuretics, but some
• synthetic diuretics are banned
• Diuretics increase the amount of urine
• produced and increase kidney function,
• therefore speeding up the elimination of
  fluid
• from the body
• This can help performers who need to lose
• weight, such as boxers and jockeys.

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Diuretics

• Diuretics are also taken to reduce the
• concentration of other banned
• substances in the urine. The side effects
• of diuretics include
• - Dehydration
• - Dizziness and nausea
• - Muscle cramps
• - Kidney failure

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Narcotic Analgesics
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Narcotic Analgesics
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Narcotic Analgesics

• Drugs that can be used to relieve pain
• These are used more commonly in
• combat sports as well as used to return to
• sport more quickly after injury
• These drugs act by depressing the central
• nervous system and give relief from pain
• injuries
• However by allowing an injured player to take
• part, can increase the risk of severe injury

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Narcotic Analgesics

• As well as heightening the risk of getting
• longer lasting injuries, the side effects of
• narcotic analgesics include
• - Loss of concentration
• - Loss of balance
• - Loss of coordination
• - Emotional effects, including
• hallucinations

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Stimulants
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Stimulants
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Stimulants
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Stimulants

• Drugs that have an effect on the central
• nervous system, such as increased
• mental and/or physical alertness
• This group includes amphetamines,
• ephedrine, and cocaine as well as
• caffeine and nicotine
• They increase alertness by stimulating
• the CNS and help overcome tiredness

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Stimulants

• Stimulants are also used recreationally
• as well as to enhance performance, the
• side effects of stimulants include
• - Insomnia
• - Irritability
• - Irregular heart beat
• - Increased heart rate
• - High blood pressure
• - Addiction

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Peptide Hormones EPO
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Peptide Hormones EPO
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Peptide Hormones EPO

• Drugs that cause other hormones to be
• produced
• As well as increasing muscle growth
• and helping with recovery, they
• increase the number of red blood cells,
• allow the body to carry extra oxygen
• We produce hormones naturally, but
• they can be synthetically produced by
• drugs

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Peptide Hormones EPO

• Human growth hormones (HGH)
• increase muscle development, which
• is why these are used by several
• sports participants
• HGH is thought to have fewer side-effects
• than steroids
• Erythropoietin (EPO) is used to treat people
• with anaemia and it increases the production
  
• of red blood cells and therefore the amount
  of
• haemoglobin available to take up oxygen

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Recreational Drugs
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Recreational Drugs

• Most people use recreational drugs on a
• regular basis. The obvious ones are
  caffeine,
• nicotine and ethanol (alcohol)
• Although these drugs are legal, they can still
• have quite negative side effects such as
• - Addiction
• - Stained teeth and gum disease
• - Lung cancer
• - Heart problems
• - Contribution to death

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Smoking Nicotine
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Smoking Nicotine

• Smoking damages the cardiovascular system,
• in particular the heart and the oxygen-
• carrying capacity of the blood, and the
  blood
• vessels
• This has a negative effect on fitness,
• especially aerobic fitness, and often
  results in
• poorer performance
• Nicotine, the drug contained in cigarettes, is
  a
• stimulant which raises alertness and is
  highly
• addictive

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Alcohol
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Alcohol

• Alcohol is banned in sports such as shooting
• and archery, where it may be used as a
• sedative (have a calming effect)
• It is also banned in sports where it is
• considered a safety risk, such as motor
• sports, because it slows down reaction times
• and impairs judgement
• The long-term effects of alcohol include a
• form of liver damage known as cirrhosis

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Learning Objectives (Revisited)

• By the end of this lesson pupils should
• Know about the different categories of drugs
• (performance-enhancing and recreational)
• Be able to explain the impact of
• performance-enhancing drugs on wellbeing
• and performance
• Be able to explain the effects of smoking
• and alcohol on general health

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Thank you

• Any questions, please do not hesitate to ask