International Conference on Housing: An Engine for Inclusive Growth- Inclusive Housing - Regulatory and Policy Framework of Urban Planning Prof. (DR.) Neelima Risbud , Dean, School of Planning

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International Conference on Housing An Engine
for Inclusive Growth-Inclusive Housing -
Regulatory and Policy Framework of Urban
PlanningProf. (DR.) Neelima Risbud , Dean,
School of Planning Architecture, Delhi
April 11th, 2013
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Context

• Indian cities are getting larger, growth rates
  are high, land prices are shooting, populations
  is predominantly living in informal areas with
  poor living condition.
• By 2030, in India 590 million people are expected
  to live in cities which will be 40 of Indias
  total population.
• However, the growth should be Sustainable, and
  more Inclusive for the low income group.
• Planning is important to allow cities to make
  informed trade- offs on their use of scarce
  resources such as land,

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Planning Regulations for Housing

• Planning Regulations are important instruments
  available with the Governments to influence urban
  land and housing markets, and the investment
  decisions of private sector Individuals and
  developers.

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• Generally Planning regulations prescribe low
  density of development and high housing and open
  space standards contributing to an artificial
  increase in land consumption.
• High land consumption leads to Urban sprawl.
• High Land consumption also leads to unaffordable
  housing forcing more than 50 of urban
  households to build illegally in form
  Unauthorized Colonies Squatter Settlements with
  Insecure titles

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• However at present the quality of life in most
  Indian cities in terms of basic services is poor.
  Cities today are more exclusionary.
• Most planning regulations do not prescribe norms
  for slum upgrading.
• As such upgraded slums do not confirm to planning
  regulations and do not get integrated into urban
  planning system.

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Insecure titles create exclusion

• Preventing investment in housing construction and
  improvements
• Denying access to formal channels of credit
• leading to financial exclusion
• Preventing entitlement to basic services
• property tax revenue base of local authorities

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Lack of Access to Land for housing creates
Exclusion

• Availability of land for affordable housing is
  most crucial issue.
• High cost of land contributes to high cost of
  unaffordable housing leading to exclusion
• of large number of urban households.
• In India under the Urban Renewal mission JNNURM
  earmarking at least 2025 per cent of developed
  land for housing projects for low income housing
  is mandated in every Residential layout

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Minimum prescribed Plot Sizes are high
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Low Density prescribed in Master Plan results in
high land consumptions and unaffordable housing
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Low Floor Area Ratio (FAR) prescribed high land
consumption
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Prescription of high Open Space
standards Increases housing costs
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Reforms in regulations are essential for Inclusion

1. Compact cities.
2. Efficient and intensive use of land .
3. Improving security of tenure to improve market
   efficiency and improving effective demand for
   housing finance.
4. Increase in the consumption of residential floor
   space per person for improved livability

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• Thanks