Title: Methodologies for Fiber Spinning and Characterization Qing Shen 1. Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Donghua University 2. State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer Materials, Donghua University E-mail:
1Methodologies for Fiber Spinning and
Characterization Qing Shen1. Department of
Polymer Materials and Engineering, Donghua
University2. State Key Laboratory for
Modification of Chemical Fiber and Polymer
Materials, Donghua University E-mail
sqing_at_dhu.edu.cn
2Purposes of the Course
-
- Under an English environment, the aims of this
course are - to introduce the history, definition and
classification of fibers - to introduce the methods of fiber spinning to
students, - to introduce the methods of fiber
characterization to students, and - to guide students to know fiber science and
technology related persons, journals, books and
companies
.
3Course outline
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1 Fiber history
- 1.2 Fiber classification
- 1.3 Importance of fiber science and
- technology
- Discussion questions and problems
- Bibliography
42. Fiber spinning techniques
- 2.1 Melt spinning
- 2.2 Wet spinning
- 2.3 Solution dry spinning
- 2.4 Solution wet spinning
- 2.5 Gel spinning
- 2.6 Liquid crystal spinning
- 2.7 Electrospinning
- 2.8 Bi-components spinning
- 2.9 Reaction spinning
- 2.10 Centrifugation spinning
- 2.11 Emulsion spinning
2.12 Interfacial polycondensation spinning 2.13
Laser associated spinning 2.14 Coaxial
spinning 2.15 Dry spinning 2.16 Dry jet-wet
spinning Discussion questions and
problems Bibliography
53. Fiber characterization
- 3.1 Morphology
- 3.1.1 Optical microscopy
- 3.1.2 SEM
- 3.1.3 TEM
- 3.1.4 AFM
- 3.1.5 STM
- 3.2 Thermal properties
- 3.2.1 DSC
- 3.2.2 TG/DTG
- 3.2.3 DMA
- 3.3 Mechanical properties
- 3.3.1 Tensile
- 3.3.2 Elongation
- 3.3.3 Modulus
- 3.4 Structure
- 3.4.1 XRD
- 3.4.2 FTIR
- 3.4.3 FT-Raman
- 3.4.4 NMR
- 3.4.5 UV
- 3.5 Bio-properties
- 3.6 Nano-properties
- Discussion questions and problems
- Bibliography
64. Materials-based fiber spinning techniques
- 4.1 Synthetic polymer fibers
- 4.1.1 PA
- 4.1.2 PAN
- 4.1.3 PP
- 4.1.4 PET/PBT/PTT
- 4.1.5 PU
- 4.1.6 PVA
- 4.1.7 PVC
- 4.1.8 PTFE
- 4.1.9 PLA
- 4.2 Natural polymer fibers
- 4.2.1 Cellulose
- 4.2.2 Chitin
- 4.2.3 Protein
- 4.2.4 Lignin
- 4.3 Inorganic fibers
- 4.3.1 Carbon fiber
- 4.3.2 Silicon fiber
- 4.3.3 Glass fiber
- 4.3.4 Oxide fiber
- Discussion questions and problems
- Bibliography
7Fiber definition
- Fiber is defined as a solid materials with
stable thin shape and long size as well as
certain level of tensile strength.
8 Fiber history
- learnt from silkworm and
- spider
- since their fiber producing process are
good examples of the bio-synthetic and
bio-spinning techniques because they convert
non-fiber foods by enzymes into proteins in body
then spun fibers as a cocoon or net.
9 10Fiber from natural lotus root
11The structure of the dragonfly wing leads to a
development in polymer fiber with deep dark color
12Bamboo fiber
13Glass fiber
Stone fiber
14PLA fiber
15Lyocell fiber
16Metal fiber
17Lignin fiber
18Chitin fiber
19Ramee fiber
20Spider fiber
21- Fiber machine
- and
- equipment
22A new factory located in Malaysia
23- A lab. scale reactor system
241. Reactor and autoclave
- a) Batch type
- a unique vessel with agitator and related
heating, measuring devices usually designed to
allow polymerization or dissolution materials
inside. In this case, the raw materials would be
charged in initially and the final product would
be released finally after reaction approaching to
the end.
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261. Reactor and autoclave
- b) Continuous type
- it is usually need to arrange reactors one after
one and each plays a role only part of whole
designed job. The pattern can be seen as united
vessels, e.g. cascade, screw and piston flow
reactor. (p174).
271. Reactor and autoclave
- c) Combined type
- a combination of both batch and
- continuous reaction in one case.
28Reactor
291. Reactor and autoclave
- d) A detailed example
- seeing added disk or reference book.
301. Reactor and autoclave
- e) Related elements
- i. Vessel different bottoms, e.g. flat,
- dished and conical (p232)
- ii. Agitator p232
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32Reactor and autoclave e) Related elements
- iii. Heating device (p232)
- 1. Internal pipe spiral in vessel from
top - to bottom, pipe spiral at bottom of
- vessel, jacket.
- 2. Outer pipe spiral in vessel from
top to - bottom with or without jacket, only
a - jacket.
331. Reactor and autoclave e) Related elements
- iv. Measuring device
- v. Others view hole, additives adding hole
34Continuous type
35Discussion problems
- 1 Describing a common case where a reactor
would be applied. -
- 2 Since agitator is of importance for reactor,
and its type seems to be varied based on polymer
viscosity. Suppose a case the fluid in high
viscosity, please do a selection on the basis of
book.
362. Melt spinning machine and related devices
(p276)
- In second floor
- chip charging in a hopper?through chip gate
valve?chip go to extruder(with increased
temperature)?melted polymer through a
filter?spinning pump?spinnerets?air quench
chamber?spin finish application in quench?floor
interconnection tube?to next arranged on the
first floor
372. Melt spinning machine and related devices
(p276)
- In first floor
- ?turning of the filament?winders for
textile, technical or carpet year with 2-8 spin
packages each?revolver winder - Or in first floor
- ?godets (hot or cold) with idler roller or
godet duo?BCF texturing aggregate?BCF cooling
drum?filament pre-tensioning?revolver
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40- A lab scale dual-components melt spinning machine
appeared in the second floor
41 42Chip hopper
43(1) Chip gate valve (p282)
- A. The role of chip gate valve is to control the
flow rate for chip from hopper going to next
linked machine. - B. The gate valve is structured by a frame
positioned on the inside of two solid plates and
the spindle (shaft) sealed pressure and vacuum
proof towards the outside. However, both pressure
and vacuum are unable proof in detailed case.
44(1) Chip gate valve (p282)
- C. The thickness of gate is usually of
- about 2-3 mm, and controlled by
- hydraulic pressure.
-
- D. In addition to gate valve, ball valve is
- broadly used currently. However, this
- valve has a problem in dead space.
45Extruder
46- Driving system for extruder
47Extruder and driving system
48Chip hopper and extruder
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52(2) Spin extruder (pp283-284)
- A. Types
- Single screw extruder
- Double screws extruder
- B. Typical screw extruder (p283, Fig. 4.67)
- Screw and driven system
- C. Screw description (p284, Fig. 4.68)
- Different zones feeding, transporting,
- compressing, metering and mixing
53(2) Spin extruder (pp283-284)
- D. The ratio of length to diameter, L/D, is an
- important parameter for understanding
- of screw extruder due to it in relation
to - detailed polymer process directly.
- (p286, Fig. 4.69 tabled)
- E. Zone length is another important parameter
- for screw extruder (p289, Table 4.18)
54Discussion problem
- Please do a comparison of the single and double
screw extruder.
55Spinnerets after spinning
56Spinnerets cleaned by oven
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58(3) Spinning heads and beams (p294)
- A. Role of the spinning head
- Melting and dosing polymer fluid
- distribution to spinnerets.
- B. Types
59Discussion problem
- According to p297 showed Fig. 4.84, which
configuration to be the best for arrangement of
spinning beams?
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61(4) Spinning pump (p312)
- Function dosing of polymer fluid
- Types gear and piston
- General parameters used for describing spinning
pump (p317, Table 4.23) - volume/revolution, base area, weight
- Materials recommended for producing spinning pump
(p314, Table 4.22)
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63Discussion problem
- In the use of spinning pump, why people have to
take care enough. Please give the reason based on
book.
64Discussion problem
- Why a high load filtration is usually
recommended?
65 (7) Filter (p323)
- Different types
- (p323, Fig. 4.122 and Table followed)
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68 (8) Spin packs (p335)
- A. the spin pack including a melt distribution
filter ,distribution plate, spinneret. - B.Two loading type
- (i) Top loading, inserting from top
- (ii) Bottom loading,inserting from bottom
- (iii)Inserting a spin pack is usually to
employ assistant tool as p335 indicated
69 (8) Spin packs (p335)
- C. The pack house can be round or rectangle,
but it must be designed as a pressure used to
fit either high pressure on temp.
70Discussion problem
- Which is usually applied to inserting a spin
pack?
A lifting device
or A hoist
71 72Air system for quench
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76 (9) Quench cabinets (p346)
- A. Quench description in P346
- Fig 4.164
- B Various quench chamber type P348,
- Fig 4.165
77Discussion problem
- A long quench is usually for which kind of
fiber? - According to this figure (P348) presented
different quench chamber types, please point out
one who has the possibility for supply a fast air
flow velocity?
78 (9) Quench cabinets (p346)
- C. Relationship between the distance of spinneret
quench P349 Fig 4.167 - D.Preferred quench P350
- Designed by applying Laminar to replace
turbulent
79(9) Quench cabinets (p346)
- E.Now quench chamber for high speed spinning
(600012000m/min) -
80- Please do a comparison of the difference among
the common, preferred and new developed quench
chambers based on this book.
81(9) Quench cabinets (p346)
- F. Quench chamber accession P359
82 (10) Spin finish application systems (p367)
- A) spin finish
- A 1025 solution on emulsion in distilled
water. The concentration of spin finish for
filament is thin and for stable is thick . -
- There are five different methods of applying
finish as can be seen in P367.
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84Discussion problem
- Why a spinning process is usually inserted with
a spin finish step?
85 (10) Spin finish application systems (p367)
- B The soil spin finish P368
- It is the oldest type of spin finish, but
still be applied especially to water town for
speed below 1800 m/min - C. The roll spin finish P368
- in addiction to roll (above mentioned ) is
only in shape.
86 (10) Spin finish application systems (p368)
- D. Spray spin finish P368
- The finish is spray on a running tow by
automating jets. - E. Dipping bath as spin finish P369
- The finish is placed in a pan on the way of
fiber going. Usually,the fiber is dipped in a
finish bath loaded by running calendar rolls.
87 (10) Spin finish application systems (P368)
- F.spin with metering function finish P369
- The spin finish process is only for application
of the gear spin finish pump. - In general,the spin finish have advantages in
spinning quantitatively.
88Discussion problem
- Of those different spin finish types , which one
has been considered to have the dosing finish
possibility?
89(5) Spinning finish pump (p314)
- Function
-
- Application place
- Difference comparing to spinning pump
90(6) Discharge pump and in-line pump (p315)
- A. In some cases, it can be used to replace
traditional screw extruder - B. In-line pump
- A pipe linked pump.
91Discharge pump
92Discussion problem
- To keep a spinning pump working as expected in
normal, which job have to be done and this leads
to do an arrangement of which in regular?
93 94- An electro-controlling system for take-up
machine
95 96- False twist texturing machine
97A lab scale melt spinning machine
98Discussion problem
- Do you think it is possible for arranging a melt
spinning process related machines only in one
floor? - Yes, try!
- No, why?
99(11) Spinning take-up machines (p372)
- A. As above the fig of take-up machine
- P374.
Fig 4.1972 - ?. The earliest take-up machine equipped with
long friction drive rolls, which was used until
above 1963. The take-up speed for the type is
less than 1500m/min. - ?.The second generation of take-up machine has
individually driven finish winded with speed of
8000 m/min since 1963.
100(11) Spinning take-up machines (p372)
- ?.A modified second generation by turned the yarn
plane through 90o using mutually perpendicular
godets (19721984) - ?.Another modified second generation with the
aspect of tension controlled precision YT the
take-up machine speed to be less than 3200m/min.
101(11) Spinning take-up machines
- ?.POY take-up machine single deck winder
-
double - The machine for this kind of take-up machine is
without godets. - ?.Spin draw take-up machine with zone heated
godets air-teaching separation roll with or
without following high speed winder.
102(11) Spinning take-up machines
- For one without the high speed winders , which
can be converted to for POT. - (P375.Fig.4.197)
- ?.A take-up machine for with the aspect of
multi-stage drawing multi-ends/positions. - ?.A take-up machine for casket your (BCF)
- 4 ends with a revolved winders.
103?. The multi-stove take-up machines
- A. Yarn Inlet gone involve P378
- inlet your guide, yarn guide often in and
for out - Yarn aspiration , intermingling jet
- Yarn cutter , yarn sensor
- Yarn oils (if not in quench cabinet)
- B. Rolls, godets draw roll in take-up machine
- In general, they can be distinguished by
their diameter.
104?. The multi-stove take-up machines
Dia (mm) Speed (m/min)
separator roll 1260 lt1200 lt6000
godet 75300 lt8000
draw roll 2001000 lt400
105?. The multi-stove take-up machines
- C. Constructions for godet (P382)
- See Fig 4.200
106Part 2
- Polymers and related methods for fiber spinning
107PVA
1083.3 polymer fiber related machine, spanning
technology
- (1) Polyethylene (PE)
- Tm107138ºC
- Tg-100ºC
- HDPE
- LLDPE
- LDPE
H H C C H H
(hard)
( soft)
109(1) Polyethylene (PE)
- A. Melting spinning 1965 in USA
- Like PP including dying condition
- B.Extruder L/D ? 2530
- compression ratio
- 14 small screw
- 12.5 big screw D ?
300mm - The best screw should be 3 zone
- C.Filtration is recommended
110(1) Polyethylene (PE)
- D. temp for extruder of
- LLDPE 135145ºC
- HDPE 170 190ºC
- E. LOY OK POY not used yet
- F. Compact spinning stable PE fiber
111(1) Polyethylene (PE)
- G. Drawing ratio for LLDPE 14.517.5
- depending on
- H. PE filament has been regarded as the softest
comparing to others e.g. stable PE or all of
other polymeric fibers.
index
MFI
follow
melt
112(2) Polypropylene(PP) P95
- 1958?
- Tm
169ºC - Tg5
ºC
- only isotactic PP can be spun into fiber.
H CH3 C C H H
113A. Fig.2.67 P96
different ratio type of PP
atactic ??
isotactic ??,??
syndiotactic ??,????,??
Stereo block ??????,????
114(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- B. Catalyst PP type P96
- Metellocene catalysts ? atactic
- (CP2 Ti Cl2/MAO)
- Cp2Ti(C6H5)MAO ? isotactic
- C. log?ABlogMFI
0.197
0.50
115(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- D. Degradation during processing
- (i) High sheering force in melt cause in the
molecular chain - (ii) Impurities lead photo
116- E. Melt spinning of PP Fiber (filament )
- (i) The phenomenon of Die swell Fig2.71 2.72
Table 2.17 - Viscosity temp Die swell
- T Die swell Q Die swell
- ? Die swell do(diameter of
spinneret) Die swell - (ii) crystallinity of PP filament
- a. start since air quench
- b. increase dwelling take-up
- c. depend on molecular weight melt history
- d. increase proportional to take-up tension
117(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- E. Melt spinning of PP Fiber (filament )
- (iii) orientation
- a. start since spinneret in minor
- b. increased with the increase of crystallization
- c. i.e. after the spinneret about 60 cm
- d. ? orientation
- e. v orientation
- f. Q orientation
- g. temp orientation
118(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- E. Melt spinning of PP Fiber (filament )
- (iv)stereo regularity Vs crystallization
- Degree of crystallization, Tc
119(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- F.Aftertreatment of Polypropylene
- Table P104
- That is a requirement of understanding the
relationship among the spinning methods,
final filament size, shrinkage, spinneret and - take-up speed.
120(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- G. Quench for PP (P106 Fig2.82)
- The distance between the spinneret should be
considered based on the Fig.2.82 in page 106 - H.Upwards spinning for PP 1974 England
- I. electrostatic spinning of PP
121(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- J. Other spinning methods available for PP
- (i) bicomponent spinning
- (ii) compact spinning
- (iii) spun bond spinning
- (iv) blow fiber spinning
- K. To heat the extruder connecting head , the
distribution pipe to each spinning position is
required recommended
122(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- Take-up speed for POY-PP P106
- Tab 2.19 P107
- M. High tenacity PP
- Mv ?150,000 narrow distribution
- Cv of yarn ?790
- Tscrew230 ºC
- T spin head235 ºC T spinneret285 ºC
- T spin end285 ºC Tshrowd 160 240 º
123(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- Draw ratio 18 110
- Take-up speed in water bath 50100 m/min
- air quench 600 700
m/min - chip? 2.5 3 tenacity 8.811g /dtex
- N. See picture of Fig 2.862.87 P109
- For molding high tenacity PP
Air quench
Wet quench
124(2)Polypropylene(PP)
- O. PP proportion of the draw ratio how to
influence the PP Fiber based on lecture note
(P108)
125(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN) P6,111
- TmgtT decomposition
- Tg0ºC(95ºC dry)
- A. PAN fiber could be made in wet spinning with
a continuous polymeringation in solution,
e.g.ZnCl2/water
N H C C C H H
126(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN) P6,111
- B.PAN cant melt P113
- PAN decomposer below the melting point therefore
has to be polymerized in a solvent on emulsion. - C. PAN dissolved in DMF for dry spinning
- PAN dissolved in DMAc for wet spinning
- DMF
127(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN) P6,111
- D. Table 2.21 a-b
- Problem
- On the basic of solvent employment,the PAN can be
obtained from two methods. Please give these
methods. - E. Polymerization of PAN P115116
128(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN) P6,111
- F. The most simple installation for precipitation
polymerization of PAN is using an autoclave with
a spinneret cooling jacket. P116 - G.Description of PAN polymerization
- Fig 2.93-2.94 P117
- Fig 2.95 P118
129(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
- H. A continuous CAN polymerization
- Fig 2.96 P118
- J. Installation to dissolve PAN P119
- ?Dry spinning DMF 2330
- Wet spinning DMF ? 1825
- DMAc ?
- DMSO ?
T(ºC)110140 PH 6.5 9 T (20 60ºC)
130(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
- J.?Dissolving temperature 40 60 ºC it cant be
exceed 80 ºC(P120).In order to remain the
concentration of PAN. - ?Dissolving vacuum usually be not in the range of
60 70 mbar as the same reason as before . - ?After dissolving, PAN solution must be free of
clumps. - ?Dissolve intensive stirring autoclave
- the mixer expect a high shear function
131(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
- K. Scale of PAN fiber production in world 7000
t/day, - 25 PAN/DMF dry spinning(EU)
- 12 PAN/DMF wet spinning
- 22 PAN/DMAc wet spinning
- L. melt spinning of PAN P121 (Fig 2.100)
- PAN/DMF solution can be dry span
132(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
- M. Description of dry spinning machine for PAN
(Fig.2.100. P121) - Top a screw drive
- Side top is solution inlet
- bottom is a heater using electricity
- After spinning the finest is a telescope tube
that was insolated, that isa tube with electric
sheathing isolation
133(3)polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
- Note At the top of the conic telescope,that has
a weak around the spinneret for sucking solvent
vapor.
134(4) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- PVDC
- DP8001000
- A. First PVC fiber in 1913 registered by Klatte
- B. Polymerization of PVC has from different
processes P122 But for spinning PVC only the
emulsion suspension methods possible.
135(4) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- C. PVC particle size can be 0.01 0.1?
- D. Post chlorinating of PVC CPVC
- E. The equipment for solving PVC in the same as
for PAN - F. Before extrusion, PVC has to be flitted at
least twice. - PVC spinning or PAN e.g. dry spinning spinning
condition is like acetate wet spinning is also
possible.
136(4) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- G.Dry spinning of PVC fiber P123
- (i) Mixed with sulfurcarbonate/acetone (France)
- (ii) Mixed with acetone/benzene (Japan)
- H.The bath drawing PVC fiber in water and the
drawing has two stages(both in water )
137(4) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- I. The syndiotactic pact formed to the low
temperature used in polymerization - And this leads to increase the crystalline
position ,freezing temperature Tm - But the chemical resistance also be increased.
138(4) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- J. Synthesize PVC can be dissolved in
cyclohexanon and extruded into a coagulation both
of water / cyclohexanon addition solvent ,
ethanol or acetone - K. the washing and drawing of PVC fiber is in
boiling water,drawing ratio 17 - L. see Table 2.22 in P124
139(5) Polyamide (PA)
- A. Only PA6PA66can be largely produced.
- B. The number used in here present carbon number
- C. Cnumber Tm for PA
- D. PA6 H2N--HN-(-CH2)5-CO-n-COOH
- spinable PA6 with n130 250 P37
140(5) Polyamide (PA)
- E. DP124 lt?rel-1gt (for PA6) P40
- DP100lt ?rel-1 gt
- F. Polymerization of PA needs a lactam recycling
unit for economic reasons. P44 - G. A description of PA6 polymerization can be
seen in P47 Fig.2.17 - Polycondensation for both PA6,PA66 P58
141(5) Polyamide (PA)
- H.see VK-tube P48 Fig.2.18
- I.spinning of PA 6
- ? Tm depended on final product TAb2.6
- ? Spinneret take-up speed increased with the
reduce of air quench cooling length for LOY, but
on the constantly for POY. - P55 Tab 2.7
1424. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- However, the individual flamed titer is the main
factor for above mentioned take-up speed. P56 - ? Spinning condition for PA6 with various
application can be seen. P57 - J. Spinning of PA66 P60
143(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
O O -(CH)2-O-C-
-C-O-
- A. Spinning of PET fiber of chip with
- moisture small than 0.004 (P8)
- B.Transesterification
- (a) Indirect way DHT and TPA mixed with
- EG
- (b) Direct P70 by adding
glycoterephthalate
144(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- C. Different between PET and PBT
- (a) PET
- (b) PBT
- The Tg 40?C for PBT,that is smaller than PET
e.g. 70 80 ?C (Tg) P67
O O O C C
O (CH2)2
n
O O O C C
O (CH2)4
n
145(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- D. Raw material for PET and a Composition
- of them PMT
- TPA
- In general,the use of TPA has advantages in
increased the polymerization time, reduce cost
without by product, but equipment more. P67
146(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- E. The most efficient catalysts for transes-
- -terificatin are acetates with Cd, Zn,
or Co. - P69
- F. The selection of catalytic P72
- According to Fig.2.39 the increase of
PET - the use of catalyst seems to be
- sb(CH3COO)3
147(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- G. Analysis of thermo-oxidative decomposition for
PET using DTA (different thermodynamics
analytics) P73 - H. Analysis of hydrolytic decomposition for PET
using dry weighting method to be simplified.
148(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- I.The ? of PET chip relate to spinning P75
- ? sqrt(11.4(?rel-1))-1 /0.7
- ?rel1 ?(910.35 ?)
- M(?rel-1.059)104.8
- ? KM3.5 (K3.627810-12)
- ?ceE/RT
149(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- J . A finishes is still being used today for PET
P80 - K. Spinning of PET ---melt
- L. From finished directly, or continuous
spinning melt velocity 4 6 cm/s in pipe, - Ø 32 100 mm, lt280 ?C ( ? 0.60.7)
- lt290 ?C (?
0.9)
150(6) Polyester (PES, PET) P67
- M.Take-up of PET filament P87
- See formula 2.27
- O. HM-HT cotton type PET staple fiber P91
- ?0.67 0.72
- P. PBT 1968 P94
- Tm225 ?C Tg440 ?C DP100 200
High tenacity
High modular
151(7) Polyurethanes (PU)
- A. Wet spinning possible DMF OR DMAc as
- solvent
- B. Dry spinning in simple and economic P132
- 20 25PU in DMF or DMAc ,with
- ?50150Pa S
- The tube needs to keep up
- 140 180 ?C for DMF or DMAc
- 300 340 ?C for other
152(7) Polyurethanes (PU)
- The heat zone can be managed with two or three
stages
Upper low temperature Down
high temperature
153Nanofiber-based
Prof. Dr. Zhong-Lin Wang GIT
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155A summary of different fiber spinning methods
- Melt spinning
- Wet spinningSolution spinning
- Gel spinning
- Liquid crystal spinning
- Bi-components spinning
- Electrospinningelectrostatic spinning
- Reaction spinningextruding spinning
- Interfacial polycondensation spinning
- Emulsion and suspension spinning
- Dry spinning
- Centrifugation spinning
- Laser associated spinning
- Coaxial spinning
- Assemble induced spinning
156Laser associated spinning
157(No Transcript)
158Centrifugation spinning
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160Assemble induced spinning
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167Extruding spinning
168Electrospinning
169- Darrell H. Reneker
- Department of Polymer Science
- College of Polymer Science and Polymer
Engineering - University of Akron
170Basic electrospinning apparatus
171 172Tensile measurement
173General Problems
- 1. Please describe a melt spinning route with
necessary steps. - 2. Please give 20 possible names on fiber
formation. - 3. Based on the textbook, an extruder is usually
designed with several areas, and please give the
name of these areas and do a description briefly. - 4. According to the textbook, the valve used in a
spinning machine could be regarded as two types
and please gives the names.
174- 5. In which case we can find the phenomenon that
defined as the dead space, please give your
explanation. - 6. How many pump types that you have learnt from
the textbook? Please give their names and
describe their relative application. - 7. According to the book that the quench chamber
could be designed with several types and of which
one has been broadly applied in industry, please
draw it on your exam paper briefly and give
related reason.
175- 8. One factory able to increase a spin finish
system in the PA6 filament spinning process
recently, please help it to do a selection and
show related reasons. - 9. Please do an outline on PA series fibers
relating to their properties etc. - 10. Please design possible fiber spinning route
for below presented polymers - PAN, PET, PTT, PU, PBT, PE, PP, cellulose.
- 11. The hair of human could be generally regarded
as a natural fiber, please describe its spinning
method according to you learnt.
176- 12. One method has been known possible for
forming of a silicon fiber, please give its name
and do a related description. - 13. Please describe the process for rayon fiber
production. - 14. Please draw a picture on an autoclave with
necessary parts/components. - 15. Based on the fiber knowledge, please describe
the formation of lotus root fiber.