Title: World War II
1World War II
2The Rise of Dictators and World War II
Main Idea The rise of dictators in Europe and
Asia helped lead to World War II.
.
3- The Great Depression had ruined economies in
Europe. Many Europeans turned to new leaders to
solve their problems. - Who were the dictators that came to power in
Europe?
4Totalitarian
- Expected active loyalty and commitment
- control of political, economic, social and
cultural aspects of life - led by a single leader and party
- not interested in individual freedom (civil
liberties) - used modern technology and propaganda
5Who were these dictators?
6Who were these dictators?
- -Adolf Hitler, Germany
- -Josef Stalin, U.S.S.R.
- -Benito Mussolini, Italy
- -Francisco Franco, Spain
- -Tojo and Other Militarists, Japan
7What made them dictators?
8What made them dictators?
- -Authoritarian Rule
- -Nationalism
- -Expansion
- -Totalitarian Government
9What made them different?
- -Communism
- -Fascism
- -Nazism
- -Japanese Militarists
10Why did people support dictators?
VS.
11Why did people support dictators?
- - Success of authoritarians
- - Weakness of democracies
- - Pride of nationalism
- - Promise of growth
- - Rise in power during a time of decline
- -For some fascism was a defense against Communism
12Whats the harm?
- - The trains ran on time
- - They beat the Depression
- - The Five Year Plans succeeded
- - These nations had real needs to fill
- - They inspired their people
13Whats the harm?
- - Jewish persecution
- - Racial oppression
- - Brutal police states
- - Attack on Ethiopia
- - Invasion of Manchuria
- - Seizure of the Rhineland and the Sudetenland
14Why did the other nations of the world stand by?
15Why did the other nations of the world stand by?
- - Fear of another Great War
- - U.S. was bound to Neutrality
- - Lack of preparation
- - Was this the war people were expecting?
16Who am I?
- Adolf Hitler
- Germany Adolf Hitler leader of the fascist
National Socialist German Workers Party or
Nazi Party.
17- Hitler used his image as a father figure
- Hitler extinguished dissent
- Hitler used an organized program to keep his kids
occupied - Pope of Rome, Joseph Ratzinger, was also kept
busy as a boy as a part of this same "Hitler
Youth".)
18- Hitler gathered the children into frequent
rallies - Hitler used uniforms
- Hitler used the Jews as a focus of blame
- Hitler used a propaganda program
- Hitler installed "spies" within these ranks of
children
19Adolph Hitler 1889-1945Der Fuhrer
- born in Austria-early life in Vienna
- core of beliefs- anti-Semitic
- wrote Mein Kampf in jail in 20s
- built Nazi party on dissatisfaction
- won over elite and establishment
- fear of communists- largest party
- became chancellor
- Reichtag burned-emergency powers
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21European
- Italy Benito Mussolini began a political
movement fascism an extreme form of
nationalism and racism.
22Mussolini
- Preached a government called Fascism includes
intense patriotism nationalism - Very much linked to racism and cultural
superiority
23Benito Mussolini 1883-1945Il Duce
- First Fascist Dictator
- Italy- in political and economic crisis
- had support of middle class seeking stability
- 1922- march on Rome- Victor Emmanuel made him PM
- Could legislate by decree, police state
- Created Young Fascists- Never really in control
of all culture/society
24Fascism vs Nazism
- Fascism (fascio) union of bundle State is the
most important element - Nazism (National Socialism) emphasis on racism
Aryanism
25Fascism vs Communism
- Communism stands for a stateless society where
all is equal - Fascism pertains to state and it considers state
on top of everything radical authoritarian
nationalism
26Soviet Union - Joseph Stalin the Communist
dictator took over upon the death of Vladimir
Lenin (led the Communist takeover of Russia in
1917.) His government tried to control every
aspect of life in the nation.
27- Joseph Stalin and the USSRCommunist State
- Similar to Total state
- oppression of the masses
- ownership of production and land by the state
- forced rapid industrialization ,cruel
- purges- wondered who was in power
28Who am I?
General Hideki Tojo Prime Minister
Totalitarian State
29JAPAN
- Japan The military was gaining more and more
power with army General Hideki Tojo having more
power than the Emperor Hirohito.
30Who am I?
- Francisco Franco
- Spain
- Fascist who overthrows the democratic government
in Spanish Civil War
31Who am I?
- Winston Churchill
- Great Britain
32Who am I?
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- United States
33Countries That Threatened World Peace
- Japan
- Military leaders took control of govt
- Invaded Manchuria
- Tried to expand in the Pacific
- Joined the Axis Powers in 1940
34Japan Invades Manchuria, 1931
351931 Japan attacks Manchuria in northern
China Japan wants more natural resources for its
growing population (Manchuria is rich in natural
resources)
36Countries That Threatened World Peace
- Italy
- Mussolini seized control of the govt and the
military and formed a fascist state - Italy formed alliance with Germany called the
Axis Powers - Invaded Ethiopia in 1936
- Supported Franco in Spains civil war
37Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Emperor Haile Selassie
38Countries That Threatened World Peace
- Germany
- Dictator and fascist Adolph Hitler took control
in 1934 - created a totalitarian state
- built up Germanys army
39Germany Invades the RhinelandMarch 7, 1936
40Germany Begins Conquests
1936 Hitler moves troops into the Rhineland
(German region near the French border) WWI treaty
said no German troops here French Govt and
League of Nations TAKE NO ACTION
41Hitler begins his own Conquests
1938 Hitler and the Germans invade Austria
(most Austrians spoke German and welcomed
becoming a part of Germany) ButHitler and the
Germans were expanding and the WWI treaty told
them not to
42The Sudetenland
After taking Austria Hitler wants more His next
desire is the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia The
Czechs didnt want to give this area to Germany
nor did France and Russia
43Appeasement at Munich
The British step in to offer a peace and avoid
war British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
meets with Hitler in Munich, Germany They agree
to give Hitler the Sudetenland Hitler has to
promise he is done seeking territory
44Reactions to Munich
- Neville Chamberlain, the British Prime Minister
who came up with the agreement, said that he had
achieved peace in our time
- Winston Churchill, the future Prime Minister,
said Britain and France had to choose between
war and shame. They chose shame. They will get
war, too.
45Hitler breaks his promise Germany Starts the War
- After being given Sudetenland Hitler takes the
rest of Czechoslovakia - Hitler signs a Non-Aggression Pact with Stalin
and the Soviet Union (they agree to not make war
on each other) now France and Britain have lost
an ally - Immediately after Germany invades Poland
(France Britain declare war on Germany) WWII
officially begins
46The Nazi-SovietNon-Aggression Pact, 1939
Foreign Ministers von Ribbentrop Molotov
47- Germany and Russia started secret talks while
Germany was negotiating with Great Britain and
France. - Terms of Non Aggression pact
- Will not attack each other
- Will remain neutral if either is attacked
48- What was not announced to the
- world
- Hitler and Stalin agreed to divide parts of
Eastern Europe - Germany Western Poland
- Soviets - Eastern Poland, Baltic countries
49German Aggression!
Lightning War - Hitler invades Poland
50World War II
- CAUSES (Long Term)
- WWI (the harsh conditions of the Treaty of
Versailles) - Dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, Japan,
and the Soviet Union - Severe economic problems exist in Europe and
Asia. - Italy, Germany, and Japan expand their territory.
- The policy of appeasement fails.
51- Immediate Causes
- Germany invades Poland.
- Japanese attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl
Harbor
52One of the VonTrapp children in the Sound of
Music calls it The angry spider. Even today,
neo nazi groups and other hate groups use it to
represent their programs of prejudice.
53German Aggression
Belgium
Nazi Blitzkrieg April - May 1940
Hitler conquers Denmark, Norway, Belgium, and the
Netherlands
54Defeated and forced to acknowledge the Nazi
government.
55April 1940 The Miracle of Dunkirk
56Bombing damage in France.
57June 22, 1940 France surrenders September
1940 U.S. passes first peacetime draft
58German Aggression
Battle of Britain Autumn 1940 - daily air raids
over Britain - Unable to defeat the British
quickly!
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60German Aggression
- Despite their partnership Hitler and Stalin
distrusted each other. (There is no honor among
thieves or dictators.) - June1941 Germany invades the Soviet Union
- September 1941 January 1944 German troops
surround the city. The Siege of Leningrad - -
lasted 872 days - December 1941 German advance to Moscow
harshest winter in decades. The weather and the
Soviets push them back.
61Dec. 1940 The Lend-Lease Policy allows U.S. to
give Allies help.
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63Atlantic Charter
Prime Minister Winston Churchill President
Franklin Roosevelt
Discuss allied goals the right of all people to
self-determination, freedom of speech, freedom of
religion, free from want, and freedom from fear.
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65Pearl Harbor
66Pearl Harbor
Ford Island, seen on 10 October 1941 from much
the same angle as Japanese bomber pilots viewed
it on 7 December. National Archives Photo
80-G-279375
67- 183 aircraft of the first attack wave were
launched from the six Imperial Japanese Navy
carriers Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiru, Zuikaku and
Shokaku, 230 miles North of O'ahu at 600 A.M. -
They were ordered to attack at 0750 A.M. by Lt.
Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.
68- At approximately 715 A.M. the second wave of
aircraft was launched and 170 more aircraft were
on their way to Pearl Harbor.
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73Shattered by a direct hit, the USS Arizona burns
and sinks, December 7, 1941.
74Damage at Pearl Harbor
75Aerial view of the USS Arizona Memorial
76FDR calls this a date which will live in
infamy, and Congress declares that a state of
war exists with Japan.
77Deployment of attacking Japanese aircraft
At approximately 715 A.M. the second wave of
aircraft was launched and 170 more aircraft were
on their way to Pearl Harbor.
78Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War
79With only 450 feet of 'runway,' one of sixteen
Army B-25 Mitchell bombers takes off from the
deck of the USS HORNET on its way to take part in
the Doolittle Raid, the first U.S. bombing raid
on Japan. The all volunteer strike force, trained
and led by Lt. Col. James Doolittle, flew 800
miles then bombed Tokyo and 3 other cities
without opposition. The raid inflicted little
damage but gave a big boost to Allied morale in
the face of the seemingly unstoppable Japanese.
April 18, 1942.
Doolittles Raid
80- Major Events Review
- 1936 Germany and Italy form Axis Powers.
- Civil war erupts in Spain.
- Germany annexes Austria (think the Sound of
Music - true story.) - Britain and France allow Germany to annex the
Sudetenland in the Munich Agreement. - Germany invades Czechoslovakia.
- Germany signs nonaggression pact with the
Soviet Union. - Germany invades Poland, Sept. 1, 1939.
- Britain and France declare war on Germany,
Sept. 3 -
81- Japan joins the Axis Powers
- Germany invades France.
- Battle of Britain fought.
- Germany invades the Soviet Union.
- December 7 - Japan attacks United States at
Pearl Harbor. - The United States enters the war.
82- 1941 June - British stop Axis advance in
Africa at the Battle of El Alamein. - September - Germans attack Soviet Union city
of Stalingrad. - November - American forces join tlhe Allies
in North Africa. - February Soviets win the Battle of
Stalingrad. -
83War in Africa and Europe Section 2
During World War II, the United States assumed a
leading role in world affairs that continues
today.
The Allies defeated the Axis Powers in Europe and
in Africa.
84- Terms to Know
- Dwight D. Eisenhower U.S. general who led the
Allied Forces in Europe. - D-Day Allied invasion of France in June 1944 to
liberate Europe. - Battle of the Bulge Germanys last major
attack. - Yalta Conference Meeting of Allied leaders to
discuss the end of the war plans. - Holocaust Systematic murder of millions of Jews
and other people in Europe by the Nazis. - Anti-Semitism hostility or discrimination
against Jews.
85- 6. Anti-Semitism hostility or discrimination
against Jews. - Persecute to continuously treat others in a way
meant to be cruel and harmful. - Genocide the deliberate destruction of a
racial, political, or cultural group. - The Holocaust complete destruction of life on
purpose usually by fire. This term refers to
the murder of 6 million Jews and 5 million others
by the Nazis in WWII. - The Final Solution Hitlers plan to exterminate
inferior people such as Jews, the handicapped,
political enemies, and others that did not
conform.
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87The Panzer IV was the mainstay of the Afrika
Corps and were needed in great numbers in
the Western Desert
Erwin Rommel Commander of the Nazi forces in
North Africa
88North African Campaign
Operation Torch
- Purposes
- Drive Axis powers out of North Africa and Middle
East - Divert German forces from Russian Front
- Strategy Sandwich Afrikan Corp between British
in East and Allied forces (including US) in West
89July - August 1943, Operation "Husky" Allied
forces invade Sicily, Italy. This Operation
was the greatest Airborne-Amphibious Operation
of WWII until D-DAY 3,000 ships and
landing-craft with 160,000 men (8 Divisions),
14,000 vehicles, 600 tanks and 1800 guns.
Operation continues in Sicily and Italy 1943-1945
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91Operation Husky Invasion of Italy
First Allied attacks on Monte Cassino
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93Landing on Omaha Beach
Landing on the beach was difficult. 1. Surprise
attack 2. Poor weather conditions 3. German
fortifications
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105- 13 June, 1944 - till 20 June,
- V-1 named "Vergeltungswaffe". Germany
launches its first V-1 rocket attack on England, - 8000 V-1's fired to London.
- Up to 100 V-1s fell every hour on London.
- Over an 80 day period, more than 6,000 persons
were killed.
106Those witnessing the event cannot explain the
cause of the explosion because the speed of the
projectile is such that it arrives before the
sound of its passage is heard.
Launched a V-2 rocket.
8 September 1944,
1077 November 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt is
elected to an unprecedented fourth term as
President of the United States.
108Last major offensive German action.
"The Battle of the Bulge December 1944 -
January 1945
109- Yalta Conference
- FDR, Stalin, Churchill
- Meet to decide what happens next in Europe
- Stalin wants complete control of eastern Europe.
- FDR and Churchill refuse!
- Agree to divide Germany into occupied zones
- Agree to set up the United Nations
11012 April 1945, U.S. President Franklin D.
Roosevelt dies he is succeeded by his
Vice-president, Harry S. Truman.
111- April 1945, "United Nations" formed in San
Francisco. - 28 April 1945, Benito Mussolini, and sixteen of
Mussolini's body-guards are assassinated in the
village of Giulino di Messegra, on Lake Como,
Italy. - 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler, Eva Braun,
Goebbels and his wife commit suicide in the
bunker under the Reich Chancellery - in Berlin, Germany
112Germany Surrenders! Victory in Europe
8 May 1945, V-E Day - Victory in Europe is
celebrated.
113Concentration Camps
January 1945 - Red Army liberates Auschwitz,
finds convincing evidence of SS atrocities of the
Holocaust.
114Section 3 After early losses, the Allies defeated
the Japanese in the Pacific.
WAR in the PACIFIC
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
What happened next?
115- Section 3 Terms to Know
- Bataan Death March Forced march of captured
Americans and Filipinos in the Philippines. - Island hopping Strategy of invading Japanese
held islands and moving ever closer to Japan. - General Douglas MacArthur I shall return,
are his words after FDR orders him to withdraw
from the Philippines in March 1942. (same guy
drove out the WWI Bonus Army.) - Battle of Coral Sea 1st time in Naval history,
enemy ships fought a battle without seeing each
other aircraft carriers war planes fought the
battle. No clear victory for either side but
America blocks their path to Australia. (May
1942) - Battle of Midway naval battle between American
and Japanese forces won by Americans. (June
1942)
116- 6. Battle for Guadalcanal After 6 months of
fierce fighting, the US wins first major land
victory against the Japanese. ( Feb. 1943) - 7. Navajo Code Talkers Navajo Indians were
trained to used their native language to
communicate coded messages so the Japanese
couldnt decode our messages. - 8. March 1945 MacArthur returns and liberates
Manila, Philippines. - Kamikaze Japanese suicide pilot
- Iwo Jima and Okinawa Fiercely fought battles
for these two islands places Americans close
enough to begin major bombings of Japan.
117- Manhattan Project Secret program to build an
atomic bomb. Led by American scientist, J.
Robert Oppenheimer. Worked for 3 years to
develop and test the worlds first atomic bomb. - Enola Gay the name of the B-29 bomber that
dropped the atomic bomb. - Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan The US dropped
bombs on these two cities after issuing a warning
to surrender or face complete destruction. - September 2, 1945 Japan signed the official
letter of surrender, ending the war.
118Map of the Japanese Empire at its height in 1942.
119Battle of Midway
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121Allied POWs with hands tied behind their backs
pause during the Bataan Death March. About 76,000
prisoners including 12,000 Americans were forced
on the 60 mile march under a blazing sun without
food or water toward a new POW camp in the
Philippines. April, 1942.
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123GIs waded ashore on islands with strange names.
Like Tarawa and Bougainville
124Every island posed new dangers.
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128Marines of the 5th Division inch their way up a
slope on Red Beach No. 1 toward Mount Suribachi
on Iwo Jima, defended by seven Japanese
Battalions. By nightfall, 566 Marines were killed
and 1,854 wounded. February 19, 1945.
129- 19 February 1945, (till 26 March).
- US Marines divisions land on Iwo Jima
- In the Pacific Iwo Jima is strategically and
politically important to both sides. The
Americans need the island as a fighter base
(Mustangs P-51 fighters) for their Japanese raids
(B-29's) and a relief base for damaged bombers. - On the first day some 30,000 marines landed on
the 8 square mile island. About 23,000 Japanese
soldiers had prepared defences but allowed the
landing to take place before opening fire. The
Japanese had prepared for the invasion with a
system of underground tunnels, bunkers, and
pillboxes, designed to entrap and decimate the
Americans. - Over the next 36 days - 6,281 US soldiers are
killed (in the first 2 days, 4000 US soldiers
died), and 21,865 are wounded in capturing the
island from 23,000 defenders. - 21,000 Japanese soldiers died.
13023 February 1945, U.S. Marines plant a U.S.
flag on Mount Suribachi, Iwo Jima. The flag
raising photo and subsequent statue came to
symbolize being a Marine.
13126 May 1945, Tokyo, Japan is fire bombed by
American bombers. The city burns, uncontrolled,
for two days.
132- 26 June 1945,
- Fifty nations meet in San Francisco,
California (USA) and sign the World Security
Charter formally establishing - the United Nations.
- 4 July 1945,
- General Douglas MacArthur announces the
liberation of the Philippines. - 21 July 1945,
- The U.S. delivers a final ultimatum to the
Japanese, quit the war or face total destruction. - 24 July 1945,
- At the Potsdam Conference in defeated
Germany, President Truman told Stalin only that
the U.S. "had a new - weapon of unusual destructive force."
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134Col. Paul W. Tibbets, pilot of the B-29
Superfortress ENOLA GAY, drops the world's first
atomic bomb, Little Boy, on Hiroshima. The
9,000 lb. bomb was dropped from 31,600 feet and
detonated at 815 a.m., August 6, 1945, about
1,900 feet above the center of Hiroshima. A
blinding light, tremendous explosion and dark
gray cloud enveloped the city, followed by a
rising mushroom shaped cloud. The Japanese
estimated 72,000 were killed and 70,000 out of
76,000 buildings in the city were destroyed.
Enola Gay
135At the time of the bombing, Hiroshima was a
prosperous city of nearly 320,000. The bomb
exploded almost directly over the center of the
city. Two square miles of the city were
completely leveled by the bomb, and the intense
heat generated by the explosion started fires as
far as two miles from ground zero.
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137About one hour after the bombing on 6 August
1945.
138A Roman Catholic cathedral on a hill is all that
remains in this section of Nagasaki following the
dropping of the second Atomic Bomb from a B-29
flown by Major Charles W. Sweeney, August 9,
1945. The Japanese estimated 25,680 were killed
and 44 percent of the city was destroyed.
139- 8 August 1945, The Soviet Union declares war on
Japan. Soviet forces invade Manchuria and
North-Korea. - 9 August 1945, The world's second (and last)
atomic bomb - (Plutonium), Fat Man, is dropped on Nagasaki,
Japan. - One minute after explosion 39,000 were killed and
25,000 wounded. - 14 August 1945, Emperor Hirohito announces the
Japan defeat to his people. Japan accepts an
unconditional surrender. The - fear of more atomic weapon attacks and the
certainty of land defeat by the Soviets have
combined to secure the - complete surrender.
- 2 September 1945, Japanese Foreign Minister
Mamoru Shigemitsu signs the instrument of
surrender aboard the battleship - U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay, Japan.
- End of World War II.
140Sept 2, 1945 Japanese sign surrender agreement
Gen. Douglas MacArthur signs as Supreme Allied
Commander during formal surrender ceremonies on
the USS MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay.
141Gen. Douglas MacArthur signs as Supreme Allied
Commander during formal surrender ceremonies on
the USS MISSOURI in Tokyo Bay. September 2, 1945.