LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS ITALY PART 3B: EARTHQUAKES (Continued)

1
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE
DISASTERSITALYPART 3B EARTHQUAKES (Continued)
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster
Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 
2
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED DISASTERS IN
ITALY
FLOODS
GOAL PROTECT PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES
WINDSTORMS
EARTHQUAKES
HIGH BENEFIT/COST PROGRAMS FOR BECOMING DISASTER
RESILIENT
VOLCANOES
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
3
Italy has a long history of destructive
earthquakes.
4
LOCATIONS OF PAST NOTABLE EARTHAUAKES
5
A DISASTER is ---

• --- the set of failures that overwhelm the
  capability of a community to respond without
  external help  when three continuums 1)  people,
  2) community (i.e., a set of habitats,
  livelihoods, and social constructs), and 3)
  complex events (e.g., earthquakes, cyclones,..)
  intersect at a point in space and time.

6
Disasters are caused by single- or
multiple-event natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), cause extreme levels of
mortality, morbidity, homelessness, joblessness,
economic losses, or environmental impacts.
7
THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is UN-PREPARED for what will likely
  happen

8
THE REASONS ARE . . .

• When it does happen, the functions of the
  communitys buildings and infrastructure that are
  UNPROTECTED with the appropriate codes and
  standards will be LOST.

9
THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community has NO DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIO
  or WARNING SYSTEM in place as a strategic
  framework for concerted local, national,
  regional, and international actions.

10
THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community LACKS THE CAPACITY TO RESPOND to
  the full spectrum of expected and unexpected
  emergency situations.

11
THE REASONS ARE . . .

• The community is INEFFICIENT during recovery and
  reconstruction because it HAS NOT LEARNED from
  either the current experience or the cumulative
  prior experiences.

12
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE
13
ITALYS COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN
UP AFTERSHOCKS
14
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS HAVE DIFFERENT
VULNERABILITIES TO GROUND SHAKING
MEAN DAMAGE RATIO, OF REPLACEMENT
VALUE
INTENSITY
15
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING GROUND
FAILURE)
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
EARTHQUAKES
FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES
DISASTER LABORATORIES
LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
16
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL EARTH-QUAKES PREPAREDNESS FOR THE LIKELY
  GROUND SHAKING IS ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER
  RESILIENCE

17
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL EARTH-QUAKES BUILDING CODES AND
  LIFELINE STANDARDS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER
  RESILIENCE

18
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE

• ALL EARTH-QUAKES TIMELY EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS
  ESSENTIAL FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE

19
SOME OF ITALYS MANY NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES

• M6.9 IRPINIA NOVEMBER 23, 1980
• M6.3 LAQUILA APRIL 6, 2009

20
EPICENTER IRPINIA QUAKE
21
LAQUILA EARTHQUAKEA Town of 70,000

• M6.3
• 330 AM
• APRIL 6, 2009

22
LOCATION MAP
23
LOCATION MAP
24
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

• VULNERABLE UNREINFORCED MASONRY BUILDINGS
  DAMAGED
• UNIVERSITY DORM COLLAPSES
• VULNERABLE INFRASTRUCTURE DAMAGED
• AT LEAST 200 DEAD AND 2,000 NJURED
• TENS OF THOUSANDS HOMELESS

25
L'AQUILA AND 26 TOWNS AND VILLAGES DEVASTATED
26
L'AQUILA SITE EFFECTS FROM LOCATION IN OLD LAKE
BED
27
ONNA 3 MILES FROM L'AQUILA
28
ONNA
29
AFTERSHOCKS EXACERBATE DAMAGE IN VILLAGE OF ONNA
30
DAMAGE TO ROAD
31
DAMAGED HOUSE
32
SANTA MARIA PAGANICA CHURCH
33
DAMAGE TO CHURCH
34
DAMAGE TO DOME OF CHURCH
35
COLLAPSED BUILDING
36
COLLAPSED BUILDINGS AND RESCUE WORKERS
37
RESCUE WORKERS
38
SEARCH AND RESCUE
39
SEARCH AND RESCUE
40
SEARCH AND RESCUE
41
RESCUED VICTIM
42
EVACUEE ASLEEP IN CAR
43
EVACUATION CENTER UNIVERSITY SPORTS CENTER
44
EVACUEES STADIUM
45
EVACUEES HOUSED IN STADIUM
46
LACK OF HOSPITAL RESOURCES

• Many earthquake survivors had to be transported
  to Rome for surgery and/or treatment due to
  shortage of resources in the LAquila area

47
CONTROVERSY OVER CLAIM OF PREDICTION

• An Italian scientist claims to have predicted
  the earthquake on the basis of radon gas
  emissions from the fault zone.
• The Italian Government did not take any action
  because the technique is controversial.

48
THIS DISASTER EXPOSED POLICY FLAWS

• UNPROTECTED
• UNPREPARED
• UN--ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY

49
FACT VILLAGE HOUSES WITH LITTLE OF NO
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE COLLAPSED, INCREASINGING
DEATHS AND INJURIES

• The 5 pm occurrence) instead of a 10 pm
  occurrence) likely reduced the number of deaths.

50
FACT KNOWING WHERE THE SEISMICALLY ACTIVE FAULTS
ARE AND BEING UNPREPARED FOR THE INEVITABLE
EARTHQUAKES LEADS TO UNNECESSAY DISASTERS
51
FACT EVEN THE WORLDS BEST FIRST RESPONDERS,
FIND THAT COLLAPSED BUILDINGS, IMPASSABLE
ROADS, AFTERSHOCKS, and NIGHTFALL WILL SLOW
SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS AND HINDER EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
52
IRANIAN RED CRESCENT WILLING TO ACCEPT
INTERNATIONAL AID

• "We would welcome help by any country," said
  Iran's parliament speaker, Ali Larijani, during
  his visit to the earthquake-stricken area on
  Tuesday, August 14th.

53
RED CRESCENT ASSETS DEPLOYED

• 1,100 Red Crescent workers were deployed with
  44,000 food packages and 5,600 tents for
  survivors needing temporary shelter.

54
ITALYS NEXT EARTHQUAKE IS INEVITABLE

• BUT, EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE IS NOT AN
  IMPOSSIBLE DREAM!