FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask

1
FRBR Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To
Ask

• Presented by
• Dr. Barbara B. Tillett
• Chief, Policy Standards Division
• Library of Congress
• March 4, 2009

2
FRBR

• What is FRBR?
• Why do we need it?
• Where and how can we use it?

3
What is FRBR?

• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
• IFLA publication 1998
• FRBR Review Group

4
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
(FRBR)

• Entity-relationship model
• Entities Group 1, 2, 3
• Relationships
• Attributes
• User tasks
• Find
• Identify
• Select
• Obtain
• National level record
• elements (mandatory optional data)

5
Bibliographic Universe

• Books
• Serials
• Maps, globes, etc.
• Manuscripts.
• Musical scores
• A-V
• sound recordings
• motion pictures
• photographs, slides
• Multimedia
• Remote digital materials
• Etc.

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Whats a conceptual model?

• Abstract depiction of the universe of things
  being described
• The things in that universe (entities)
• Identifying characteristics of those entities
  (attributes)
• The relationships among the entities

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FRBRs Entity-Relationship Model

• Entities
• Relationships
• Attributes (data elements)

relationship
One Entity
Another Entity
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FRBRs Entity-Relationship Model
Person
Work
created
was created by
Shakespeare
Hamlet
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FRBR Entities

• Group 1Products of intellectual artistic
  endeavor bibliographic resources
• Work
• Expression
• Manifestation
• Item

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is realized through
Expression
Intellectual/ artistic content
Physical - recording of content
is embodied in
Manifestation
is exemplified by
Item
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Vocabulary

• Book

• Door prop

(item)

• publication
• at bookstore
• any copy

(manifestation)
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Vocabulary

• Book

• Who translated?

(expression)

• Who wrote?

(work)
13
Group 1
Work
is realized through
Expression
is embodied in
Manifestation
recursive
is exemplified by
one
Item
many
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Elements to Describe Resources

• Manifestation
• ID
• Title
• Statement of responsibility
• Edition
• Imprint (place, publisher, date)
• Form/extent of carrier
• Terms of availability
• Mode of access
• etc.
• Item
• ID
• Provenance
• Location
• etc.

• Work
• ID
• Title
• Date
• etc.
• Expression
• ID
• Form
• Date
• Language
• etc.

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Examples

1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books
   Collection?
2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press
   text published in 2008?
3. French translation?
4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005 performance?
5. Hamlet?

Item
Manifestation
Expression
Expression
Work
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Family of Works
Equivalent
Descriptive
Derivative
Free Translation
Review
Edition
Microform Reproduction
Casebook
Summary
Abstract
Dramatization
Simultaneous Publication
Abridged Edition
Criticism
Digest
Novelization
Screenplay
Copy
Libretto
Evaluation
Illustrated Edition
Revision
Change of Genre

Exact Reproduction
Parody
Annotated Edition
Translation
Expurgated Edition
Imitation
Same Style or Thematic Content
Variations or Versions
Facsimile
Arrangement
Commentary
Slight Modification
Reprint
Adaptation
Original Work - Same Expression
Same Work New Expression
New Work
Cataloging Rules Cut-Off Point
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Relationships
Work

• Inherent among the Group 1 entities
• Content relationships among works/expressions

Expression
Manifestation
Item
Whole-Part
Sequential
Derivative
Accompanying
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FRBR Entities

• Group 1 Bibliographic resources
• Work
• Expression
• Manifestation
• Item

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FRBR Entities

• Group 2 Those responsible for the intellectual
  artistic content Parties
• Person
• Corporate body
• Family

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Group 2
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is owned by
is produced by
is realized by
is created by
many
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Relationship vs. Element
Created by
Work
Person
Creates
Hamlet
Shakespeare
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Subject Relationship
Created by
Work
Person
Creates
has subject
is subject of
Concept/Topic
23
FRBR Entities

• Group 3Subjects of works
• Groups 1 2 plus
• Concept
• Object
• Event
• Place
• Subject relationship

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Group 3
Work
Work
Expression
has as subject
Manifestation
Item
Person
Family
has as subject
Corporate Body
Concept
Object
has as subject
Event
Place
many
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Why do we need FRBR?

• Improve the user experience in locating
  information
• Guide systems designs for the future
• Guide rule makers
• Cut costs for the description and access to
  resources in our libraries
• Position information providers to better operate
  in the Internet environment and beyond

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Applications of the Conceptual Model

• FRBR is conceptual model
• No application is prescribed
• Opportunities for the future in new systems
  designs
• Natl. Lib. Australia
• Variations3, etc.
• Keep user foremost in mind

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FRBR Benefits

• Collocation
• Better organization to catalog
• More options to display
• Identifying elements
• Pathways

? Simplify cataloging enabling links and
re-use of identifying elements
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Collocation
Shakespeare

• Objectives of a catalog display
• All the works associated with a person, etc.
• All the expressions of the same work
• All the manifestations of the same expression
• All items/copies of the same manifestation

Hamlet
Romeo and Juliet
English
French
German
Swedish
Stockholm 2008
Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding
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Pathways to Related Works
Shakespeare
Stoppard
Hamlet
Derivative works
Romeo and Juliet
Rosencrantz Guildenstern Are Dead
English
French
Text
Movies
German
Subject
Swedish
Stockholm 2008
Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding
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Collocation by Works

• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.
• Alls well that ends well
• As you like it
• Hamlet
• Macbeth
• Midsummer nights dream

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Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions

• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
• Texts
• Motion Pictures
• Sound Recordings

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Collocation by Expressions

• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
• Texts Danish
• Texts Dutch
• Texts English
• Texts French
• Texts Spanish
• Motion Pictures English
• Sound Recordings - English

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Collocation of Manifestations

• Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
• Motion pictures English
• 1964 Director, Bill Collegan
• 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning
• 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli
• 1992 Director, Maria Muat
• 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh
• 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

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FRBR Display - Serial

• Atlantic monthly
• Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. 1993)
• Atlantic (Boston, Mass. 1981)
• Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. 1971)
• Atlantic (Boston, Mass. 1932)
• Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. 1857)

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FRBR Display - Serial

• Atlantic monthly
• Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. 1993)
• Online
• Paper
• Microfilm
• Atlantic (Boston, Mass. 1981)
• Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. 1971)
• Atlantic (Boston, Mass. 1932)
• Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. 1857)

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FRBR Benefits

• Circulation Place holds at Work or
  Expression level rather than only at
  manifestation level
• (VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this)

Hamlet English
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British Museum 1841(full and accurate book
catalog)

• ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).
• Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias
  
• Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos,
  1578. 4o
• Another copy.
• The same. Ital.
  Venetia, 1585. 4o
• Another copy.
• Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592.
  4o

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British Museum 1841(full and accurate book
catalog)

• ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL).
• Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias
  
• Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos,
  1578. 4o
• Another copy.
• The same. Ital.
  Venetia, 1585. 4o
• Another copy.
• Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592.
  4o

Person
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
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Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
LC Control No. 47023612 LCCN
Permalink http//lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type
of Material Book (Print, Microform, Electronic,
etc.) Personal Name Shakespeare, William,
1564-1616. Main Title ... Hamlet,
traduit par Andre Gide. Published/Created Pari
s Gallimard 1946 Description 2
p. l., 7-237, 2 p. 17 cm. CALL
NUMBER PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request
in Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area
Studies Reading Rms
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Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
LC Control No. 47023612 LCCN
Permalink http//lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type
of Material Book (Print, Microform, Electronic,
etc.) Personal Name Shakespeare, William,
1564-1616. Main Title ... Hamlet,
traduit par Andre Gide. Published/Created Pari
s Gallimard 1946 Description 2
p. l., 7-237, 2 p. 17 cm. CALL
NUMBER PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request
in Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area
Studies Reading Rms
Work
Person
41
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Expression
LC Control No. 47023612 LCCN
Permalink http//lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type
of Material Book (Print, Microform, Electronic,
etc.) Personal Name Shakespeare, William,
1564-1616. Main Title ... Hamlet,
traduit par Andre Gide. Published/Created Pari
s Gallimard 1946 Description 2
p. l., 7-237, 2 p. 17 cm. CALL
NUMBER PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request
in Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area
Studies Reading Rms
42
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
Manifestation
LC Control No. 47023612 LCCN
Permalink http//lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type
of Material Book (Print, Microform, Electronic,
etc.) Personal Name Shakespeare, William,
1564-1616. Main Title ... Hamlet,
traduit par Andre Gide. Published/Created Pari
s Gallimard 1946 Description 2
p. l., 7-237, 2 p. 17 cm. CALL
NUMBER PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request
in Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area
Studies Reading Rms
43
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French.
LC Control No. 47023612 LCCN
Permalink http//lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type
of Material Book (Print, Microform, Electronic,
etc.) Personal Name Shakespeare, William,
1564-1616. Main Title ... Hamlet,
traduit par Andre Gide. Published/Created Pari
s Gallimard 1946 Description 2
p. l., 7-237, 2 p. 17 cm. CALL
NUMBER PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request
in Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area
Studies Reading Rms
Item
44
Internet

• Catalogs are no longer in isolation
• Global access to data
• Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet
  environment
• Share data beyond institutions

45
Internet Cloud
Services
Databases, Repositories
Web front end
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Database/format Scenarios
Based on Gordon Dunsires slide
FRBR registry
Future record
RDA element registry
FRBR record
Bib record (flat-file)
Bib record (description)
Work information
Name authority record
Author
Lee, T. B.
Title
Cataloguing has a future
Name
Work title
Cataloguing has a future
Identifier
Content type
Spoken word
Expression information
Carrier type
Audio disc
Subject authority record
Subject
Metadata
Manifestation information
Provenance
Donated by the author
Label
Identifier
ONIX
RDA content type registry
Item information
Label
Spoken word
Identifier
RDA carrier type registry
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Linked Data
Work information
Name authority record
Author
Subject
Name
Lee, T. B.
Work Title Cataloguing has a future
Cataloguing has a future
Identifier
Expression information
Subject authority record
Content type
Manifestation information
Metadata
Label
Title
Cataloguing has a future
Identifier
Carrier type
RDA content type registry
Item information
Provenance
Donated by the author
Label
Spoken word
RDA carrier type registry
Identifier
Audio disc
48
Package for Data Sharing
Future record
Work information
Name authority record
Author
Subject
Name
Lee, T. B.
Lee, T. B.
Work Title Cataloguing has a future
Cataloguing has a future
Identifier
Expression information
Content type
Subject authority record
Manifestation information
Metadata
Label
Metadata
Title
Cataloguing has a future
Identifier
Carrier type
RDA content type registry
Item information
Provenance
Donated by the author
Label
Spoken word
Spoken word
Identifier
RDA carrier type registry
Audio disc
Audio disc
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Package for Data Sharing
Communication format record
Author
Lee, T. B.
Subject
Metadata
Work Title Cataloguing has a future
Cataloguing has a future
Content type
Spoken word
Title
Cataloguing has a future
Carrier type
Audio disc
Provenance
Donated by the author
50
Package for Displays
Future display
( )
Author
Lee, T. B.
Content type
Spoken word
Title
Cataloguing has a future
Carrier type
Audio disc
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(No Transcript)
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• http//www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/jsc/rda.html

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RDA Structure

• General introduction
• Elements
• Relationships
• Appendices
• Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles,
  etc.
• Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.)
• Relationship designators
• Etc.
• Glossary
• Index

54
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records
(FRBR)

• Entity-relationship model
• Entities Group 1, 2, 3
• Relationships
• Attributes (Elements)
• User tasks
• Find
• Identify
• Select
• Obtain
• National level record
• elements (mandatory optional data)

55
FRBRBased Systems
Person
Concept
Work
Person
Expression
Manifestation
Manifestation
Item
Corporate body
Item
Item