Salivary Glands

1
Salivary Glands Part A

1. Secretes enzyme amylase starts carbohydrate
   digestion.

b. Mucous lubricates food
2
Tongue Part B

1. Keeps food between teeth

b. Taste buds 4 tastes
c. Pushes food to back of mouth
3
Trachea Part C(not part of digestive system)

1. windpipe

b. Epiglottis covering to prevent food from
going into lungs.
4
Esophagus Part D
Tube to stomach
5
Liver Part E

• Vital organ
• Largest gland
• 3 pounds

1. Produces bile which emulsifies (dissolves) fats

b. Bile is sent to small intestines
c. Reduces/neutralizes acids
d. Detoxifies blood (alcohol)
e. Stores glycogen (animal form of starch)
6
Gall Bladder Part F
Stores Bile
7
Stomach Part G

1. Churn/mix food

b. Sphincter circular muscles that controls
opening and closing of stomach
c. Protein digestion begins here.
8
Stomach Part G
d. Gastric juice is acidic (HCl) and contains
pepsin (enzyme to digest proteins).
e. Gastrin (hormone) stimulates production of
gastric juice.
f. Vomiting reverse peristalsis
Stomach acid video
9
Bile Duct Part H
Tube to small intestine from gallbladder
10
Duodenum Part I (First section of small
intestine)
Most digestion occurs here (proteins, fats,
and carbohydrates)
11
Pancreas Part J (Vital organ)

1. Produces the most powerful digestive enzymes.

b. Produces insulin hormone that regulates
blood sugar levels
12
Pancreatic Duct Part K
Tube to small intestine from pancreas
13
Small Intestine Part L

1. 20-30 feet long.

b. Final digestion occurs here.
c. Food is absorbed in simplest forms amino
acids, fatty acids, glycerol, monosaccharides.
d. Villi contain blood vessels to absorb food.
14
Appendix Part M
Vestigial organ no known function dead end
connection between small and large intestine.
15
Large Intestine Part N

1. Reabsorbs H2O

b. Some solid wastes are stored before they enter
the rectum.
16
Rectum Part O
Storage of solid wastes.
17
Anus Part P
Controlled by a sphincter muscle.
18
Ingestion Blue dot
Placing food in mouth.
19
Peristalsis Yellow dot
Muscular contractions along digestive tract
esphogus ? small and large intestine
Peristalsis Video 1
Peristalsis Video 2
20
Absorption Green dot
Taking of digested food into bloodstream.
Occurs in small intestine.
21
Storage Red dot
Animal starch stored as glycogen in liver.
22
Mechanical Digestion Orange dot
Physically chewing - mouth
Churning action - stomach
23
Chemical Digestion Purple dot
Uses enzymes and acids to digest specific organic
molecules.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in mouth. Protein
digestion begins in stomach. Carbs, proteins,
and fats are fully digested in small intestine.
24
Elimination Brown dot
Removal of feces/stool (anything not digested nor
absorbed)
25
Weight Gain
Weight gain ? Calories consumed Calories burned
Calorie measure of how much energy is in food
1 g sugar 3 cal 1 g protein 4 cal 1 g fat
9 cal
26
How many calories do you need?
How many calories you need is tied to
activity. Semi-active adult ? 2000
calories Olympic athlete in competition ? 5000
cals or more
AND . . .
27
Basal Metabolic Rate
BMR how many calories you need to stay alive
(increases with weight)
28
Does it matter where calories come from?

• Which will lead to weight gain?
• 3000 calories of butter (fat)
• 3000 calories of steak (protein)
• 3000 calories of broccoli

All will if not using the calories
29
Why is balance important?
Food Type Diet Purposes Digestive End Product
Fats lt 30 (2000 cal 60g) Store Energy Absorb Vitamins Glycerol 3 fatty acids
Carbohydrates 55 Energy Source Fiber moves food through system Monosaccharides
Proteins gt 15 Growth/Repair of cells Make enzymes, antibodies, etc. Amino Acids
Need some of everything too much leads to
disease (fat ? heart disease)
30
What happens to digestive end products once
absorbed?
a. Delivered to cells - used for energy -
stored - used to produce other fats, carbs, and
proteins.
Body CANT turn sugar into fat!