Earthquake Safety

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Earthquake Safety
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How Earthquakes Cause Damage

• Shaking from seismic waves can do severe damage
  to buildings
• S waves
• cause the most
• severe damage

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Local Soil Conditions

• Loose soil shakes more violently than rock
• The thicker the layer of soil, the more violent
  the shaking

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Liquefaction

• Liquefaction happens when shaking turns loose
  soil into mud
• This causes building to sink and may cause
  landslides

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Aftershocks

• Aftershocks are earthquakes that happen in the
  same area as larger earthquakes
• They can happen hours, days, or months later

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Tsunamis

• Tsunamis are started by an earthquake on the
  ocean floor
• Water is pushed out of the way of the rising
  ocean floor

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Tsunamis

• The wave starts out
• low
• The wave gets taller
• as the ocean gets more
• shallow

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Making Buildings Safer

• New buildings have to be strong and flexible to
  resist violent shaking.
• Old buildings have to be changed to be stronger.

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Choice of Location

• Houses on a steep slope are in danger of
  landslide.
• Houses on filled land could sink due to
  liquefaction.
• Build far away from a fault.

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Construction Methods

• Buildings on soft ground should be anchored to
  the rock below the soil.
• Base-isolated buildings reduce the energy of
  seismic waves during an EQ

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Construction Methods

• Base-isolated buildings can sway back and forth.
• Fixed-base building absorb the energy of seismic
  waves

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Construction Methods

• Gas and water pipes should be flexible so they
  dont break open.

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Protecting Yourself

• Drop, cover, and hold
• Cover your head and
• things that could break
• or fall over.

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Protecting Yourself

• When outdoors, move to open areas without trees
  and sit down.
• Put together an earthquake kit with food and
  first aid supplies.