Personal Hygiene

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Personal Hygiene

• Nursing Fundamentals
• CHPTR 16

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• Hygiene deals with the establishment and
  preservation of well being throughout personal
  care
• Hygiene is practices that keep people clean

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• Hygiene is not the same for everyone
• Some people dont bathe everyday or in the same
  manner as you do
• Must meet the individuals needs

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Functions of skin

• What does the skin do?
• Skin or integumentary includes skin, hair, nails
  and mucous membranes

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Sebaceous Glands

• Oil secreting gland of the skin
• They secrete sebum oil

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CERUMINOUS GLANDS

• Ear wax

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MUCOUS MEMBRANES

• Lines passages and cavities
• Keeps pathogens out my forming mucous

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HAIR

• Hair is made of keratin
• Helps prevent heat loss

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NAILS

• Made of keratin (a tough, protein substance)
• Provides protection to the digits

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TEETH

• Also made of keratin located in the oral mucosa
• We have 32 adult teeth

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• The integument contains many secretory glands
  that produce odors and attract debris.
• Teeth are prone to decay if not cared for
• Hygiene measures are important and should be
  performed

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Caring for healthy skin

• Applying deodorants covers up odors
• Antiperspirants help decrease perspiration
• Lotions re-hydrates the skin
• Powders prevent from chaffing
• Soap cleans by removing debris and oil

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BATHING

• Purpose of bathing is to restore cleanliness by
  removing oil and debris
• We always try to return the pt to their normal
  state of independencewhatever that original
  state is

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• Bathing also relaxes
• Stimulates circ.
• Tones muscles and conditions body from movement
  of muscles
• Improves self-image
• Relieves discomfort

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Rules of Bathing

• Temp 105-110 F
• Gloves must be worn for eyes, and pericare
• Change after these areas to prevent spread of
  infection
• Change of water and washcloth after
• pericare
• foot care
• and prn

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Bed Bath (AV)
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Tub Bathing

• Probably not used in facilities anymore???

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Bag Bath

• Small wipes that can be warmed up in special
  microwave
• Cloths become soapy when you squeeze wipes and
  use them

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Peri Care

• Female
• Glove
• Front to Back
• Change area of washcloth with each swipe

• Male
• Pull Back Foreskin (If uncircumcised)
• Wash in circles from meatus down
• Remember to return foreskin to normal position

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Facial/Skin care

• NEVER use soap on the face unless pt requests it
• Always change the mitt on your hand when washing
  around each eye and behind the ears. You may dip
  into the basin for fresh mitt
• ALWAYS wash from the inner canthus to the outer
  eye to avoid spreading dirt/germs

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Foot Care

• Soak Feet unless pt is diabetic
• Lotion to feet
• No bathroom surgery
• Dont cut toe nails, podiatrist can

Diabetics or pts with poor circulation have a
special need to check their feet daily
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TUB BATH

• NEVER allow a diabetic to soak their skin for
  longer than 20 minutes while in the hospital
  especially the feet
• Elderly skin will get warm, moist and tear
• Diabetic skin doesnt heal quickly potential
  for infection and possible amputation or sepsis
  and death

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Layers of the Skin

• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Sub Q

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Back Rub (AV)
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Shaving (AV)
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Use Electric Razor if

• Bleeding risk
• confused
• depressed
• (AV)

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Shower
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Teeth

• 6 Mos- first tooth
• 2 1/2 yrs-all deciduous teeth
• 6 yrs-lose first tooth
• Total of 32 teeth as adult

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Keep Pt Warm

• Never expose your pt to the outside air for more
  than 2 minutes, especially the elderly
• Always close curtain and provide privacy
• Use warm bath blanket if available

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Oral Care (AV)

• We do this for
• For aesthetic effects
• Prevent mouth disease
• Prevent caries, gingivitis and other periodontal
  probs.
• Promotes digestion
• Improves self image

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Denture Care (AV)

• The unconsciuos pt has special needs
• Mouthcare to be done 2xs/day
• Use green mouth sponges, with suction catheter
• Clean dentures daily
• Keep pt in lateral position for mouth care to
  prevent from aspiration

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• Only clean dentures with mouthwash or warm water
• Hot water may change the shape of the piece or
  damage the plastic material

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Denture Removal

• Dentures should be replaced soon after they are
  removed unless patient is going to sleep
  overnight
• Gum-line can change if dentures are out too long
  and dentures will no longer fit properly

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Hair Care (AV)

• Hair is a part of ID
• Poor diet affects hair growth
• Check with pt. On style preference
• Need permission to cut
• We comb the hair daily to stimulate circulation
  of the scalp

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Contacts (AV)

• Most patients dont wear contacts if very ill
• Glasses are usual
• Clean glasses 1-2xs/day with soft cloth
• Remember to replace glasses if you take them off
• Offer them to pt after bath, they can see again

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Hearing Aids

• Allow for better communication and socialization
• Store safely when not in use
• Can be expensive
• Care for these when performing hygiene care

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Lip Moisturizer

• May apply Vaseline to lips or glycerin to provide
  moisture

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When to stop bathing a pt

• If your pt becomes distressed respiratory
  wise.STOP
• Do not force pt to just continue
• May need to apply O2, call for assistance, then
  have someone call the Dr. if O2 is not working
• Allow pt to continue when they can breathe
  easier, you may have to assist in the completion
  of their bath
• AIRWAY, AIRWAY, AIRWAY ALWAYS 1st

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Who may not want a bath daily?

• Elderly pts DO NOT fully bathe everyday.
• They perform ½ baths by standing in bathroom and
  washing up
• Dont irritate or anger your pt if they resist.
  Tell them they must fully bathe at least every
  other day or every 2 days if they would like to

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THE END