Women and Coronary Heart Disease Romeo G. Bunag,RN,BSN,CCRN

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Women and Coronary Heart Disease
Romeo G.
Bunag,RN,BSN,CCRN
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Coronary Heart Disease

• Coronary heart disease is the number one killer
  of women in America.
• Womens knowledge and awareness does not
  correspond with its status as the number one
  killer of women in America.

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Risk Factors

• Smoking
• High cholesterol
• Hypertension
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Sedentary behavior

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Risk Factors

• Hyperthyroidism
• Heredity
• Depression
• Alcohol
• Menopause
• Oral contraceptives

TIP Identify and organize yourkey points
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Smoking

• Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable
  cause of death among women in the United States.
• The risk of coronary heart disease is 2 to 4
  times higher among women who are heavy smokers
  than among women who do not smoke and light
  smokers have twice the risk.

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Smoking

• After the cessation of smoking, the risk of
  coronary heart disease begins to decline within a
  matter of months and falls to the level of risk
  among nonsmokers within 3 to 5 years after
  cessation, regardless of the amount smoked, the
  duration of the habit, or the age at cessation.

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High Cholesterol

• One way to help a woman appreciate her risk for
  coronary heart disease is to have her lipid
  profile checked.
• For women, a low HDL level is a better predictor
  of risk for coronary heart disease than a high
  LDL level or total cholesterol levels.

TIP Develop transitions orbridges between
key points.
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Hypertension

• Hypertension develops in women and men in
  similar rates, but because men die at an earlier
  age, elderly hypertensive women outnumber elderly
  hypertensive men.
• There is no definitive data that hypertensive
  treatment in women is associated with similar
  beneficial cardiovascular effects as in men.

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Diabetes

• Diabetes is an even stronger risk factor for
  women than in men.
• Mortality rates for coronary heart disease are 3
  to 7 times higher for diabetic women than among
  diabetic men.

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Obesity

• Excess weight
• Increases the strain on the heart
• Raises blood pressure
• Raises blood cholesterol levels
• Raises triglyceride levels
• Lowers HDL cholesterol levels

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Sedentary Behavior

• Regular to moderate physical activity can help
  to prevent heart and blood vessel disease.
• Aerobic exercise has been shown to raise HDL,
  lower LDL, lower heart rate and blood pressure,
  decrease body fat and increase muscle tissue.

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Hyperthyroidism

• Several studies conducted during the past decade
  have implicated a link between hyperthyroidism
  and hypercholesterolemia.
• Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have
  been linked to increased oxidation of LDL.

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Heredity

• Children of parents with heart disease are more
  likely to develop it themselves.
• Most people with a strong family history of
  heart disease have one or more other risk
  factors.
• It is important to control any other risk
  factors because heredity cannot be controlled.

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Depression

• Depression has been reported to directly or
  indirectly increase coronary heart disease risk
  and or response to coronary artery disease
  events.
• No consensus exists regarding approaches to
  treating depression as a coronary risk reduction
  strategy.

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Alcohol

• Heavy alcohol use increases the risk of death
  from cardiovascular causes.
• Low to moderate daily consumption of alcohol
  provides protection against coronary heart
  disease in women.
• As compared with nondrinkers, women who consumed
  10 to 15g of alcohol per day had a 40 reduction
  in the risk of coronary disease.

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Menopause

• Menopause is a sentinel event signaling the
  onset of escalated risk of coronary heart
  disease.
• The elevation in coronary heart disease risk
  associated with menopause has been attributed to
  estrogen depletion.

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Oral Contraceptives

• Older high-dose oral contraceptives increased
  the risk of coronary vascular disease.
• Although few data has been collected on the
  safety of new low dose formulations.
• Some recent case studies suggest that oral
  contraceptives containing lower doses of steroids
  may carry less risk of coronary heart disease.

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In Conclusion

• There are many risk factors that women need to
  be aware of.
• Knowledge is one of the keys to prevention.
• By educating women we are giving them the
  information they need to achieve the maximum
  potential for daily living against coronary heart
  disease.

TIP Close your presentation tomake a
favorable, lastingimpression
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Thank You

• Happy
• Holidays

TIP Remember to PLAN /PREPARE / PRACTICE
/PRESENT
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REFERENCES

• Coronary Disease  - ... Estrogen Slows
  Development of Atherosclerosis in Women
  http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/coronarydiseas
  e.html.
• Heart Disease Women Smoking  
  http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/othe
  r/hdw_smk.htm.
• Tierney, L.m., Mcphee, S.J., Papadakis, M.A.
  (2002) Current Medical diagnosis and Treatment.
  4th ed. McGraw-Hill, NY.
• Women and heart disease. http//heartdisease.abou
  t.com/ mlibrary.htm
• www.hoslink.com/LabResults/ endocrineresults.htm.