Eco-Industrial Development

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Eco-Industrial Development
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State of the Environment

• Increasing environmental stress caused by
  pollution
• Depleting of natural resources
• Threats to human health

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World Population increased from 2.6 billion in
1950 to 5.8 billion in 1995
Efficiency of Production
x
x
Population (2.6B)
Resource Use
GLOBAL IMPACT

Traditionally, efficient production means maximum
output at the least cost, and often at the
expense of a degraded environment.
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more consumption requires increased
agricultural production
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faster rate of extraction and use of
resources
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need for more space that involves sacrificing
of natural ecosystems
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to build our homes and service infrastructures,
to provide a place for business or trade.
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and to put our garbage in.
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greater demand for transportation and
electricity that means greater fuel consumption
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and increased pollution of water and air that
can have far-reaching effects on human health.
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Rapid industrialization adverse environmental
impacts (pollution, resource depletion, etc.)
defeats Sustainable
Development meeting the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
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Potential environmental impacts
Contaminated soil and lost future land use
Local nuisances such as noise, lighting and
transport
Spills
Exposure to toxic chemicals
Landscape disturbance
Risks from hazardous waste
Habitat degradation
Air pollution
Ozone-depleting and greenhouse gases
Marine pollution
Disposal of solid wastes
Freshwater pollution
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Product Life Cycle System
Closed-Loop Recycling
Remanufacturing
Recycling
Manufacture Assembly
Engineered Specialty Materials
Use Service
Reuse
Retirement
Open Loop Recycling Material downcycling Into
another product system
Bulk Processing
Treatment Disposal
Raw Material Acquisition
Transfer of materials Between stages
Earth Biosphere
Untreated residuals
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• The Human Consumption Pattern
• Mass Production Customization
• Mass Consumption Mass Disposal

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• WASTE
• RESOURCE

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The concept of Industrial Ecology The
traditional model of industrial activity should
be transformed in a more integrated model an
industrial ecosystem. ()
R. Frosch N. Gallopoulos, General Motors
Laboratories, 1989
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Industrial Ecology as a metaphor The
industrial ecosystem would function similar to a
biological ecosystem
R. Frosch N. Gallopoulos, General Motors
Laboratories, 1989
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First idea industrial food chains In such a
system the consumption of energy and materials is
optimized and the effluents of one process serve
as the raw material for another process. R.
Frosch N. Gallopoulos, 1989
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Industrial Ecologys Approach
Upstream Production
CLOSE THE LOOP
RE-USE
RECYCLE
Downstream Production
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Kalundborg, Denmark
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WASTE MANAGEMENT HEIRARCHY
Source Reduction
recycling
Most Desirable
Waste treatment
disposal
Least Desirable
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Industrial Ecology

• Approach to managing human activity on a
  sustainable basis by
• essential integration of human systems into
  natural systems
• Minimizing energy and materials usage
• Minimizing the ecological impact of human
  activity to levels natural systems can sustain.

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What can be shared?

• Energy
• Water
• Waste/recovery/recycling/substitution
• Information
• Regulatory functions
• Transportation systems
• Marketing
• Other covenants

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Looking beyond Regional Metabolism
Industry Process
Source Erkman Ramaswamy
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Industrial Metabolism conceptual framework
Biosphere
Minerals, ores, energy carriers Water Air Harveste
d biomass, hunting, fishing
Waste deposits Waste Water Emissions to
air Fertilizer, pesticides, dissipative losses
Industrial System
Input
Output
Translocations
Source Wuppertal Institut
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• WASTE
• RESOURCE

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Why participatory ? Its complicated enough!

• Participation

• Ownership

creates

• Commitment

creates

• Apropriate Solutions

creates
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Systems make it possible, People make it happen.