ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC SOLID WASTES: An Overview of Research Achievements and Perspectives by Mata-Alvarez and Llabr

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Production, Consumption and Resource
Sustainability Conventional and Contemporary
Approaches Prof.Dr. Göksel N. Demirer Middle
East Technical University Department of
Environmental Engineering Ankara,
Turkey Partnerships for Sustainable
Development, Sustainable Public Policies and
Business Practices for Black Sea
Countries Regional Environmental Center (REC),
Venice International University, Agroinnova and
Bilgi University, June 15 - 24 , 2008
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Industrial development reached an enormously high
rate especially in the second half of the 20th
Century. Production without regard for
environmental impacts has led to an increase in
water and air pollution, soil degradation, and
large-scale global impacts such as acid rain,
global warming and ozone depletion. This on-going
and accelerating trend has resulted in the
destruction of the ecological values and
depletion of the nonrenewable resources.
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Can we see the relation of the production,
consumption, waste management and resource
sustainability ?
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The adverse effects of all antropogenic
activities are directly related !
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CHIP FABRICATION
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Given existing technology and products, for all
six billion people on the planet to live like the
average American, we would require the
equivalent of three planet Earths to provide the
material, create the energy and dispose of the
waste.
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To create more sustainable means of life, there
must be a shift in attitudes towards conventional
production, consumption as well as waste
management practices A preventive approach must
be applied in all antropogenic activities. Used
in complement with other elements of sound
environmental management, cleaner production
(Sustainable Consumption and Production) is a
practical method for protecting human and
environmental health and supporting the goal of
sustainability.
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CLEANER PRODUCTION can be defined as "The
continuous application of an integrated
preventive environmental strategy to processes
and products so as to reduce risks to humans and
the environment" For processes, this
means Conserving raw materials and
energy Eliminating the use of toxic raw
materials Reducing the quantity and toxicity of
all emissions and wastes before they leave a
process For products, this means Reducing
impacts along the entire life cycle, from raw
material extraction to disposal
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POLLUTION Undesired products of industrial
activities. What are they ? Mainly unprocessed
raw materials, waste energy, etc. or Inefficien
cy in converting raw materials, water, energy,
etc. into products and services SO LOW LEVEL OF
RESOURCE CONVERSION EFFICIENCY. CLEANER
PRODUCTION Increased efficiency in converting
raw materials, water, energy, etc. into products
and services. SO HIGH LEVEL OF RESOURCE
CONVERSION EFFICIENCY CP POLLUTION REDUCTION
INCREASE IN EFFICIENY
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CP is mainly for production.. However,
consumption is also very important in terms of
sustainability and resource conservation...
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There is NOT Sustainable Consumption without Su
stainable Production and viceversa
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Strategies to improve resource productivity
during the life cycle of a product
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Tools for Sustainable Consumption and Production
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Policy Strategies and Instruments
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Thematic Strategies on the Sustainable Use of
Natural Resources and the Urban Environment
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Integrated Product Policy
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Consumer Policies
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Corporate Social Responsibility
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Public Procurement Policies
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Economic Instruments
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State Aid for Environmental Purposes
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Education, Awareness Raising and Public
Information
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Environmental Labelling
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SCP Research and Implementation Activities
carried out at Middle East Technical University
v Started in 1998. v Mainly on Ecoefficiency and
Cleaner Production Demonstration projects
Case Studies Dissemination activities
A graduate course A web page v A summary
of the related activities is provided in the
following slights
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INTEGRATED PREVENTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
TRAINING FOR MUNICIPALITIES PROJECT (1999-2003)

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Venue of the seminars and the number of
participants
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• GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
• APPLICATIONS IN
• TURKISH COMPANIES
• DELTA
• (Developing Environmental
• Leadership Towards Action)
• Eco-Efficiency Programme
• (2001-2002)

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SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE CASE STUDIES
COMPANY TITLE ECONOMIC RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL RESULTS
HOB Paint and Chemicals Industry Inc., Gebze, Turkey Rearranging the Working hours of a machine No investment cost Annual saving 2000 USD Immediate payback 11800 kWh/year energy is saved
HOB Paint and Chemicals Industry Inc., Gebze, Turkey Modifying Raw Material Transfer Method Investment cost 50 USD Annual saving 3000 USD Immediate payback The reuse of the spilled raw material avoided 2.5 ton/year of waste discharge and related pollution.
BARMEK Inc., Ankara, Turkey Reuse of Leakage Paints Minimisizes The Material Loss Investment cost 670 USD Annual saving 1120 USD Payback period 7 months Consideable amount of paint is resused rather than being wasted.
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CLEANER PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR A
MARKET MILK PRODUCTION FACILITY (2001-2003)
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CLEANER PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT STUDY
FOR A PULP AND PAPER MILL (1999-2001)
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Implementation of EUs IPPC Directive in a
Turkish Denim Manufacturing Plant (2005-2007)

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MICROTRAINING SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION
PARTNERS Delft University of Technology, The
Netherlands Technical University of Catalonia,
Spain Aachen University, Germany. Middle East
Technical University, Turkey Royal Institute of
Technology/KTH, Sweden
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Parallel Development of Industrial Productivity
and Environmental Performance at SMEs Level
(2007-) in cooperation with Turkish National
Productivity Center and Çankaya University
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A WEB PAGE IN TURKISH
  Prof. Dr. Göksel Demirer Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi Çevre  Mühendisligi  Bölümü Prof. Dr. Göksel Demirer Orta Dogu Teknik Üniversitesi Çevre  Mühendisligi  Bölümü  
   
   
   Anasayfa Temiz Üretim Temiz Üretim Araçlari Temiz Üretim Sözlügü Örnek Uygulamalar Ilgili Kurumlar Yararli Kaynaklar  Anasayfa Temiz Üretim Temiz Üretim Araçlari Temiz Üretim Sözlügü Örnek Uygulamalar Ilgili Kurumlar Yararli Kaynaklar  
    Anasayfa Temiz Üretim Temiz Üretim Araçlari Temiz Üretim Sözlügü Endüstriyel Uygulamalar Ilgili Kurumlar Yararli Kaynaklar Iletisim Özellikle 20. Yüzyilin ikinci yarisinda bas döndürücü bir hiza ulasan teknolojik ve endüstriyel gelismelerin beraberinde getirdigi çevresel degerlerin tahribi ve yenilenemeyen kaynaklarin hizla azalmasi günümüzde ivmelenerek sürmektedir.   Endüstrilesme ve yasam biçimlerindeki degismeye paralel olarak ortaya çikan atiklar, zaman içinde logaritmik bir artis göstermis ve bu atiklardan kaynakli yasanilan yerel çevre sorunlari küresel bir boyut kazanmistir. Ozon tabakasindaki delinme, küresel isinma, asit yagmurlari, çesitli dogal alici ortamlara -özümseme kapasitelerinin çok üzerindeki miktarlarda- yapilan toksik ve tehlikeli atik desarjlari bu kapsamda sayilabilir.  
http//www.enve.metu.edu.tr/people/gndemirer/links
/temizuretim/
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A Graduate Course Pollution Prevention
Week No Topic
1 Introduction
2 Historical Development of Waste Management Elements of Cleaner Production
3 Role of Different Actors of Society in Promoting Cleaner Production
4 Cleaner Production Tools I (GHK, Environmental Compliance Audit Waste Reduction Audit Environmental Impact Assessment Life Cycle Analysis)
5 Cleaner Production Tools II (Chemical Assessment Green procurement Design for Environment Energy Audit)
6 Cleaner Production Success Stories from Small and Medium Sized Enterprizes, Local Governments, Industry, Agriculture, and Service Sectors
7 Waste Reduction Audit Methodology
8 Waste Reduction Audit Case Study for Leather Manufacturing
9 Environmental Management Systems
10 Guest Speaker
11 Environmental Performance Indicators
12 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
13-14 Presentation and Discussions of the Term Projects
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Cleaner Production A tool for Green
Competitiveness in the Turkish Industry Workshop
and Short Course Middle East Technical
University Department of Environmental
Engineering Workshop Series 31 March-2 April
2008 Middle East Technical University Culture and
Convention Center Ankara, Turkey
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION Prof.Dr.
Göksel N. Demirer Middle East Technical
University Department of Environmental
Engineering Inönü Bulvari, 06531 Ankara-TURKEY   P
hone 90-312-210 58 67 Fax [phone]
46 E.mail goksel_at_metu.edu.tr http//www.enve.metu
.edu.tr