Environmental Issues Update

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Environmental Issues Update

• Environmental Issues
• Ship strikes on whales
• Noise pollution
• Biofouling
• Environmental Regulations
• Air emissions GHG TEEMP
• Ballast water
• China pollution laws
• Some thoughts for the future

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• 1. Environmental Issues

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1. Environmental issues

• Todays Environmental Agenda...
• Anti-fouling systems
• Ballast Water management
• Biofouling
• Ship Recycling
• Port Reception Facilities (adequacy
  affordability)
• Waste management (onboard and ashore)
• Stern tube lube oil releases
• Polar shipping
• Marine Noise pollution
• Whale strikes
• Spill Prevention and Response Planning
• VOC emission reductions
• Exhaust Gas emissions (Annex VI its revisions)
• Green House Gas emissions

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1. Environmental Issues Ship strikes on whales

• International Issue
• IMOs Guidance to States - routing measures and
  speed restrictions, but initiated/regulated
  through IMO
• Regional Laws
• USA speed restrictions and speeding fines!

Source IFAW
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1. Environmental Issues Noise pollution

• Adverse anthropogenic marine/ocean noise impacts
  on cetaceans and other biota
• or...
• Noise pollution and its effect on marine mammals
• IMO
• Technical Guidelines for ship-quieting
  technologies plus potential navigational and
  operational practices

Shipping noise increasing by 3dB per decade
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1. Environmental Issues Biofouling

• but first...Anti-fouling Systems
• Entry into force of the AFS Convention
• INTERTANKO Environmental Committee
• Move towards biocide-free systems
• Comparison of silicon systems
• Antifouling Problem Chemical
• Biofouling Problem Biological

Invasive species a different route for organisms
other than ballast water
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1. Environmental Issues Biofouling

• Biofouling as an issue for the IMO invasive
  species

Organisms found in the sea chest hydroids,
bryozoans, mussels
Organisms found in the sea chest
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1. Environmental Issues Biofouling

• Biofouling
• Scale of issue defined and indication of severity
  in relation to ballast water
• 36 of species introduced into North America
  attributed to biofouling
• 77 of species introduced into Port Phillip,
  Australia attributed to biofouling
• Hull resistance management - Micro versus Macro
  biofouling
• Air emissions benefits
• Invasive species benefits

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1. Environmental Issues Biofouling

• Biofouling going forward
• IMO Guidelines
• National hull management requirements USA
  Australia
• Ban on hull management/cleaning !

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• 2. Environmental Regulations

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2. Environmental Regulations Air emissions
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

• March 2010 IMO agreed on
• Mandatory (MARPOL Annex VI) Energy Efficiency
  Design Index (EEDI) for new ships
• Guidelines for voluntary use of the ship Energy
  Efficiency Operations Indicator (EEOI)
• Guidelines for Ship Energy Efficiency Management
  Plan (SEEMP) and inclusion in MARPOL Annex VI
• Expert Group to assess impacts on shipping and
  trade of Market Based Instruments (MBIs)
• Proposals Cap and Trade / Compensation scheme /
  Hybrid
• Note Most propsals based on EEDI as benchmark

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2. Environmental Regulations Air emissions
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

• Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
• Developed as a ship-specific plan by the ship
  owner
• Part 1 What the Plan should look like in four
  parts
• Planning Package of measures identified Goal
  setting
• Implementation Implementation system
• Monitoring Monitoring system (tools and record
  keeping)
• Self-evaluation Improvement Voluntary
  reporting
• Part 2 List of possible options for improving
  energy efficiency (use of INTERTANKOs Guide)

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2. Environmental Regulations Air emissions
Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

• INTERTANKOs Guide for a Tanker Efficiency and
  Emission Management Plan

• Introduction
• Establishing the Company and Ship Management
  Plans
• Voyage Optimisation Programme
• Propulsion Resistance Management Programme
• Machinery Optimisation Programme
• Cargo Handling Optimisation
• Energy Conservation Awareness Plan
• Also introduces elements associated with the
  over-lap between SEEMP and OCIMF TMSA Fuel
  Management Appendix

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Possible measures
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Possible measures
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Industry Study
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Possible Abatement Measures

• Gas fuelled engines
• Electronic engine control
• Waste heat recovery
• Air cavity lubrication
• Contra-rotating propeller
• Fuels cells as auxiliary engines
• Frequency converters
• Exhaust gas boilers on auxiliary engines
• Energy efficient light systems
• Wing generator
• Wind power kite
• Wind power fixed sails or wings
• Solar panels

• Solar panels
• Trim/draft optimising
• Weather routing
• Voyage execution
• Steam plant operational improvements
• Speed reduction due to port efficiency
• Propeller condition
• Speed reduction due to fleet increase
• Hull condition
• Propulsion efficiency devices
• Cold ironing
• Engine monitoring
• Reduced auxiliary power usage

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2. Ballast Water Management Issue Development
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2. Environmental Regulations Ballast Water
Management

• IMO Ballast Water Convention
• Entry into force dates
• Technology
• Guidelines

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2. Environmental Regulations Ballast Water
Management

• Entry into force - 1
• The BWM Convention will enter into force 12
  months after ratification by 30 States,
  representing 35 per cent of world merchant
  shipping tonnage.
• As at 26 April 2010 22 countries representing
  22.65 of world merchant shipping tonnage
• Canada now makes 23 countries
• Awaiting Brazil...
• Implementation dates still important...

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2. Environmental Regulations Ballast Water
Management

• Entry into force - 2
• Summary of implementation dates
• Ship constructed before 2009
• BW capacity 1500-5000m3 have treatment system
  from first intermediate or renewal survey after
  anniversary date in 2014
• BW capacity less than 1500m3 and greater than
  5000m3 have to have treatment system from first
  intermediate or renewal survey after anniversary
  date in 2016
• Ship constructed in or after 2009
• BW capacity less than 5000m3 shall have a
  treatment system installed at its second annual
  survey and no later than 31/12/2011
• Ship constructed after 2009 but before 2012
• and with a BW capacity greater than 5000m3 shall
  have a treatment system from first intermediate
  or renewal survey after anniversary date in 2016
• Ship constructed in or after 2012
• with a BW capacity of greater than 5000m3 shall
  be constructed with a BW treatment system

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2. Environmental Regulations Ballast Water
Management
Concern expressed over treatment systems to meet
2012 deadline INTERTANKO Environmental Committee
need to find solutions to assist members and
seek evidence that systems will work in practice
what are the members experience and information

• Treatment
• Generation of chemicals
• Approval
• Capital Cost (USD)
• Power Consumption
• Other Costs consumables, spares, maintenance
• Operating costs10-year
• Cost (Capex Opex)
• Size (m3)
• Weight (kg)
• Pressure Drop
• installations/contracts
• Largest installation

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2. Environmental Regulations Ballast Water
Management

• IMO BWM Convention
• States continue to implement IMO Convention, e.g.
  Norway
• Implementation issues arising Ballast Water
  Record Book format
• Other States seek to go beyond IMO Convention,
  e.g. USA
• IMO list of Guidelines continues to be important
  but overlooked by operators

Guidelines for Ballast Water Sampling
Guidelines for Ballast Water Management and Development of Ballast Water Management Plans
Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange
Guidelines for Ballast Water Exchange Design and Construction Standards
Guidelines for Sediment Control on Ships
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• China Oil Pollution Regulations

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2. Environmental RegulationsChina Oil Pollution
Regulations

• Regulations on the Prevention and Control of
  Ship-Induced Pollution of the Marine Environment
• 1st March 2010
• Any ship-induced pollution accident or any
  ship-related operation that causes or may cause
  pollution damage to the internal waters,
  territorial seas, and the contiguous zones,
  exclusive economic zones and continental shelves
  of the PRC and all other sea areas under the
  jurisdiction of the PRC
• Need for ship emergency response plans
• All ships, except those of less than 1,000gt and
  not carrying oil cargoes, must carry insurance to
  cover claims for pollution
• The limit of liability is that in the PRC
  Maritime Code (LLMC 76).
• The insurance must be provided by an entity
  approved by the China MSA
• The operators of any ships carrying bulk
  hazardous and pollutant liquid cargo shall
  contract with an MSA approved local clean-up
  contractor
• It would seem that there this no limit of
  liability PRC Maritime Code (LLMC 76)
• Receivers of persistent oil cargoes are required
  to contribute to the PRC Fund, which would
  compensate for ship-induced pollution claims that
  are in excess of CLC limits.
• Provisions for discharge and receipt of waste
  (port reception facilities)

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2. Environmental IssuesChina Oil Pollution
Regulations

• Regulations on the Prevention and Control of
  Ship-Induced Pollution of the Marine Environment
• INTERTANKO Observations and Queries
• Await an official english translation and further
  guidance
• Not certain whether CLC 92 for persistent oil or
  Bunker Convention 2001 for ships over 1,000gt
  would suffice in terms of insurance
• Entities approved by the China MSA to provide
  insurance cover PI?
• Require a list of approved clean-up contractors
  asap deadline was 1st March
• Although China is not a party to the Fund,
  contributions to a PRC Fund would seem to be a
  local variation on the CLC Fund principle
• Assumed that SOPEP and SMPEP would suffice as the
  ship emergency plans
• Not clear whether standardised advance
  notification forms and waste delivery receipts
  for port waste reception facilities will be used
• IG PI clubs state delay for 3 months no
  official proof/evidence received but no negative
  reports to date...

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• Environmental Issues
• Ship strikes on whales
• Noise pollution
• Biofouling
• Environmental Regulations
• Air emissions GHG TEEMP
• Ballast water
• China pollution laws
• Some thoughts for the future

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3. Some final thoughts

• On rules and regulations...
• 1. Issues generate guidelines. If guidelines
  deemed not to be working, legislation is
  proposed, developed and adopted.
• 2. Regional legislation frequently leads to
  international legislation.
• On the environment and environmental issues...
• 3. Environmental awareness and an environmental
  culture needs to be evident. Mandatory (STCW)
  amendments simply the baseline/minimum
  requirement.
• 4. An appreciation of the environment is not
  simply something for work but importantly, for
  life in general.

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