CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

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CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

• Heart defects present from birth.

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Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

• effect a little less than 1 of all children
• may take the form of abnormal holes between the
  chambers of the heart
• incorrect connections between chambers and
  vessels
• valves which dont open properly

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CHD causes are difficult to determine and usually
different in each case

• Abnormalities of the chromosomes
• Infections in the mother, particularly early in
  pregnancy, such as rubella ("German measles")

4
All CHDs have something to do with improper
blood flow
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ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT (ASD)Eisenmengers syndrome

• characterized by incomplete closure between the
  two upper chambers of the heart

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VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)

• the hole is in the heart muscle forming a wall
  between the ventricles (the intraventricular
  "septum")

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PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)

• Ductus arteriosus is a normal fetal structure,
  allowing blood to bypass circulation to the lungs
  
• When it doesnt close, it is termed a Patent
  Ductus Arteriosus.

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EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY

• the deformed tricuspid valve allows a large
  amount of blood to flow backwards from the right
  ventricle to right atrium when the right
  ventricle contracts

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COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

• narrowing of the aorta, typically found just
  after the vessels are given off to the left arm

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TRANSPOSTION OF THE GREAT VESSELS

• the pulmonary arteries are supplied by the left
  ventricle, and the aorta by the right ventricle

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TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS

• the origin of the "great vessels" (the aorta and
  pulmonary arteries) is abnormal both arise from
  a common "trunk".

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TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

• a cyanotic heart defect. It is a combination of 4
  ("tetra") abnormalities of the heart which were
  first described by a French physician, Dr.
  Etienne Fallot, in 1888.
• accounting for 10 of all congenital heart
  defects

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TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

• 1. There is a ventricular septal
  defect.2. There is narrowing of the valve
  leading to the pulmonary arteries (pulmonic
  stenosis) or (Infundibular Stenosis)3. Right
  ventricular hypertrophy there is thickening of
  the right ventricle.4. An overriding aorta the
  aorta "overrides" the ventricular septal defect.