19th Century Architecture

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19th Century Architecture

• Architectural History
• ACT 322
• Doris Kemp

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Topics

• 19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
• Joseph Paxton
• Henry Labrouste
• Gustave Eiffel
• William LeBaron Jenney
• Chicago School

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Early applications of iron and steel made their
  beginnings in architecture with the construction
  greenhouses to protect plants
• Far East specimens brought back to Britain
  required structures that could create the humid
  heat of their native countries in the Far East

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Joseph Paxton (1801 1865)
• Landscape gardener by training
• Revolutionized architecture by with a design that
  he submitted for a building in Hyde Park, London
  to house the first modern Worlds Fair in 1852
• Journalists dubbed this structure the Crystal
  Palace

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Crystal Palace
• Constructed of iron beams and glass
• Resembled a large greenhouse
• After the exhibition, the structure was
  dismantled and re-erected in a park at Sydenham
• Was destroyed by fire in 1936

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Henry Labrouste (1801 1875)
• A French architect
• Made strong use of cast iron in his Bibliotheque
  Ste-Genevieve in 1850
• Also designed the Bibliotheque Nationale

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Bibliotheque Ste-Genevieve
• 1850
• A library located in Paris, France

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Bibliotheque Nationale
• Located in Paris
• The French National Library

http//www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wcapts2.h
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Gustave Eiffel (1832 1923)
• Most famous French designer who used iron in the
  second half of the 19th century
• Gained his fame from several bridge designs
  across France
• Most famous structures
• Eiffel Tower
• Statue of Liberty

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Eiffel Tower, Paris
• 1010-ft
• At the time, was the tallest structure in the
  world
• Erected for the Paris International Exposition in
  1889
• Remains the largest iron construction in the world

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Statue of Liberty, New York
• Eiffel designed the iron internal skeleton which
  supports the copper skin of the statue
• Stands 151-ft
• At the time of its construction, the statue had
  the most advanced diagonally braced frame in the
  world

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• William LeBaron Jenney (1832 1907)
• Generally credited with early development of the
  skyscraper
• Home Life Insurance Building in Chicago

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Home Life Insurance Building in Chicago
• Considered the first skyscraper
• Not entirely metal framed
• The first floor contains sections of masonry
  bearing wall

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Chicago School
• The term generally used to describe the buildings
  of Chicago from 1875 1925
• Important structures
• The second Rand McNally Building
• Monadnock Building
• Reliance Building

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• The second Rand McNally Building
• Designed by Daniel H. Burnham (1846 1912) and
  John Welborn Root (1850 1891)
• Had all the elements of the modern skyscraper
• Steel frame

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Monadnock Building
• Designed by Daniel H. Burnham (1846 1912) and
  John Welborn Root (1850 1891)
• Internal iron frame provided lateral bracing
  through riveted girder-column connections

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel

• Reliance Building
• 1894 1895
• Features
• Decorative terra-cotta cladding
• Repeats the same exterior elevation from the
  third floor to the attic

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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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19th Century Applications of Iron Steel
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References

• Sullivan, Mary http//www.bluffton.edu/sullivanm
  /
• http//www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.htm
  l
• Trachtenburg/Hyman Architecture From Prehistory
  to Postmodernity
• Wodehouse/Moffett A History of Western
  Architecture

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19th Century Architecture

• Architectural History
• ACT 322
• Doris Kemp