PytoChemicals- Vitamins of the Future?

1
Created by Angie Castleberry M.S. Human
Nutrition North Forsyth High School Cumming ,GA

2

• First-Take phytochemical quiz- we will take the
  same one at the end and see if you learned
  anything!
• Then-Take a few minutes and jot down some foods
  you think might contain phytochemicals.

3

• Americans do not eat enough fruits and
  vegetables.
• Eat 5 a day campaign
• Do we need yet another reason to eat fruits and
  vegetables?

4

• Phyto- Greek word for plants
• Substances in plants that may help prevent
  diseases like cancer and heart disease.
• So far, scientists know of 3,000 different
  phytochemicals with possible health benefits.

5

• Definitions you may need to know
• Free radicals- are byproducts of metabolism. They
  are capable of causing cells to lose their
  structure, function and eventually destroying
  them.
• Connected with the development of 50 diseases
  including heart disease and cancer.

6

• What are antioxidants?
• Capable of stabilizing or deactivating free
  radicals before they attack cells.
• Chemoprevention- using one or several compounds
  to prevent, stop or reverse the development of
  cancer.

7

• Designer Food- Processed foods that are
  supplemented with food ingredients naturally rich
  in disease-preventing substances.
• Functional Food- any modified food or food
  ingredient that may provide a health benefit
  beyond the traditional nutrients it contains.

8

• Nutraceutical - Specific chemical compounds in
  food, including vitamins and additives, that may
  aid in preventing disease.
• Pharmafood- Food or nutrient that claims medical
  or health benefits, including the prevention and
  treatment of disease.

9

• A disease of the bodys cells
• Carcinogenesis is a multistage process.
• Initiation-transformation of cell
• Promotion- cells multiply to form a tumor
• Progression - Leads to a malignant tumor.

10

• Heart Disease is a general term for a list of
  diseases affecting the heart.
• Can be caused by a variety of factors but
  atherosclerosis and hypertension play a major
  role.
• Is the number 1 killer in the United States.

11

• Apparent ability to stop a cells conversion from
  healthy to cancerous.
• Inhibit various hormone actions and metabolic
  pathways that are associated with the development
  of cancer and heart disease.

12

• Some phytochemicals have been found to lower LDL
  cholesterol.
• Others have been found to help prevent blood
  clotting.
• Reduce how much cholesterol the body produces and
  keep blood pressure down.

13

• Phytochemicals are also being used in cancer
  treatment in dosages.
• Researchers still dont know a lot about
  phytochemicals.
• They do know that people who eat large quantities
  of fruits and veggies have reduced cancer risks.
  They are doing something right!!!!

14

• Highest anticancer activity can be found in
  garlic, soybeans, cabbage, ginger, licorice root,
  and the umbelliferous vegetables (such as
  carrots, celery, cilantro, parsley and parsnip).
• Additional foods found to have cancer protective
  activity onions, flax, citrus, tumeric ,
  cruciferous veggies, tomatoes, sweet peppers and
  brown rice.
• Not only do vegetables prevents cancer, they are
  also an essential member in a heart-healthy diet.
  Include at least 5 servings of vegetables and
  fruits daily and enjoy the benefits offered by
  them.

15

• There are thousands of phytochemicals. But some
  of the basic classes of them are found in these
  foods
• Cruciferous vegetables broccoli, cauliflower,
  cabbage, dark leafy greens.
• Phytochemicals found are organosulfur and
  glucosinolates and they may help prevent cancer.

16

• Tomatoes and Watermelons
• Phytochemical found Lycopene
• Lycopene has been found to be 2 times as
  powerful as beta carotene (Vitamin A) in the
  destruction of free radicals.

17

• Onions, Garlic, Scallions, Chives
• Phytochemicals Found Allium compounds
• They help to keep healthy cells in the body from
  being damaged by free radicals.

18

• Grapes, Strawberries, Cranberries, Nuts,
  Blackberries, Raspberries
• Phytochemicals found Ellagic Acid
• Appears to make blood less likely to clot
  therefore is beneficial in preventing heart
  disease.

19

• Citrus Fruits
• Phytochemical found
• monoterpenes
• May help to prevent cancer.

20

• Soybeans
• Phytochemicals found
• Isoflavones and saponins.
• Have a wide range of benefits
• including lowering the risk for heart disease.
  
• Soy has been nicknamed the Miracle Bean
• Chinese have regular consumption of soybeans and
  tofu. They have ½ the risk of cancer than
  Americans.

21

• May also help prevent osteoporosis, and reduce
  the symptoms of menopause.
• Exact component that is responsible for the
  positive effect is still unknown.

22

• Soy flours- simplest form. Can be used in baked
  goods.
• Soy isolates - used to make dairy like products.
  Usually used to add texture to meat products.
• Tofu- rich in minerals and is an excellent source
  of protein.

23

• Soymilk- consumed by dairy sensitive individuals
  and strict vegetarians.
• Textured soy protein- used as a meat enhancer,
  extender and substitute.
• Tempeh- made of whole cooked soybeans.
• Soy recipe Tofu Pumpkin Cheesecake

24

• Green Tea has also made the headlines
• Green Tea- contains high levels of flavonoids.
• Shuts off the formation of cancer cells
• Turns up the bodys defense system and suppresses
  cancer advancement.

25

• Green Tea has also been indicated to lower LDL
  cholesterol and increase HDL in large quantities.
  
• Tea is not a substitute for the benefits of
  fruits and vegetables.

26

• What Color is Your Diet?
• Many of the pigments found in fruits and
  vegetables are phytochemicals.
• A seven color system, organized as a color wheel.
  Developed by Dr. David Heber , UCLA Center for
  Human Nutrition, and Susan Bowerman.

26
27

• Eat your colors!
• Red - Lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, vitamin E
• Tomatoes, tomato sauce, vegetable juice, tomato
  soup, watermelon.

28

• Green- Glucosinolates, Isothiocyanates, Indole-3
  Carbinol, and Folic Acid
• Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, Bok Choy, Cauliflower
  , Cabbage

29

• Green/Yellow- Lutein, Zeaxanthin
• Spinach, Avocado, Kale, Green Beans, Green
  Peppers, Kiwi, Collard Greens,
  Mustard Greens,
• Turnip Greens

30

• Orange- Alpha and Beta Carotene
• Carrots Pumpkins, Squash, Mangos, Apricots,
  Cantaloupe

31

• Orange/Yellow- Vitamin C Flavonoids
• Oranges, Orange Juice, Tangerines, Peaches,
  lemons, Limes, Pineapple.

32

• Red-Purple Anthocyanins, Elegiac Acid,
  Flavonoids
• Grapes, grape juice and red wine
• raisins
• cherries
• strawberries

33

• White/ Green - Allyl Sulfides
• Garlic, Onion, and Chives

34

• There are some available, but remember They
  will only provide selected components in a
  concentrated form but not all of the compounds
  that occur naturally in the foods.
• Is there a negative side?
• Studies on animals containing large amounts of
  phytochemicals have had negative results.
• Optimal levels of phytochemicals have yet to be
  determined.

35

• There are things that you can do!
• Eating a variety of vegetables and fruits.
• Eat more grains-at least half of them whole
  grains.
• Dont forget herbs and spices,
• Decrease portion size of meats.

36

• Keep fruits and vegetables stocked and in sight.
• Reach for juice instead of coffee or soda.
• Add chopped fruit to cereal, yogurt, pancakes,
  muffins, or even a milkshake.
• Snack on fresh chopped carrots, celery, broccoli,
  cauliflower and peppers.

37

• Add fresh greens, carrots, celery, parsley,
  tomatoes, and beans to your soups.
• Store dried fruit (apricots, dates, raisins)
• for a quick snack at home or work.
• Explore new foods and new recipes!
• Complete your Superfoods Project!!!

38

• Using the color wheel hand-out, determine how
  many phytochemicals are in the meal below
• Tomato Soup and crackers
• Fruit salad ( pineapple, strawberries, peaches,
  and cherries)
• Grilled cheese - made with low-fat cheese
• Glass of Water

39

• The answer is 9!
• Tomato Soup- lycopene, phytoene, phytofluene, and
  Vitamin E.
• Pineapple and peaches - Vitamin C and Flavonoids
• Strawberries and cherries - anthocyanins ,
  Ellagic Acid and Flavonoids.
• Remember- This is only the main class of
  phytochemicals, there are many more than this!

40

• Phytochemicals are a complicated topic! To
  uncomplicate thisyou have a project on
  phytochemicals called
• Superfoods-Nutrition and Wellness
• Super Thanksgiving-Adv. Nutrition