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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM

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RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM Prof. Dr. Le Chi Hiep Chairman, Energy Council (VNU-HCM) lechihiep_at_vnuhcm.edu.vn lechihiep_at_gmail.com THE WORKSHOP OF ODA UNESCO PROJECT – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM


1
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM
  • Prof. Dr. Le Chi Hiep
  • Chairman, Energy Council (VNU-HCM)
  • lechihiep_at_vnuhcm.edu.vn
  • lechihiep_at_gmail.com
  • THE WORKSHOP OF ODA UNESCO PROJECT FOR PROMOTION
    OF ENERGY SCIENCE EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE
    DEVELOPMENT IN ASIA (VIETNAM)Hanoi, 30 31 May
    2011

2
OUTLINE
  • 1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION - RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
    VIETNAM, POTENTIAL AND INSTALLED CAPACITY
  • 2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK NATIONAL POLICY
  • 3. DISCUSSION CONCLUSION

3
  • VIETNAMPopulation 85.8 millions (2009)
  • Area 332,000km2Capital Hanoi

3
4
1. BRIEF INTRODUCTION
  • RENEWABLE ENERGY IN VIETNAM - POTENTIAL AND
    INSTALLED CAPACITY

5
Total estimated potential 11.73TWh/year
Total generation from small hydro and renewable energy 8.39TWh/year (estimated, in 2025)
It means, about 71.52 of the total potential
renewable energy is estimated to be utilized for
power generation by 2025.
6
MAIN RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES IN VIETNAM
  • WIND ENERGY
  • SOLAR ENERGY
  • SMALL HYDROPOWER
  • BIOFUEL and BIOMASS
  • GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
  • ENERGY FROM URBAN and INDUSTRIAL WASTE
  • TIDAL ENERGY

7
1.1. WIND ENERGY
  • World Bank
  • - Vietnam has higher potential for wind energy
    development compared to most other countries in
    Southeast Asia.
  • - Vietnam could produce more than 510
    gigawatts of electricity from land-based and
    off-shore wind farms, 10 times the country's
    expected national demand in 2020.

8
Wind Power Potential in Vietnam
Wind speed (m/s) 6 - 7 7 - 8 8 - 9
Area () 30.8 7.9 0.7
Area (km2) 100,300 25,700 2,200
Potential (GW) 402 103 8.8
9
  • BINH THUAN and NINH THUAN are considered as the
    best territories for wind power development (9)
    in Vietnam.
  • Off-shore wind potential is many times greater
    than that of land-based.

10
VIETNAM OFF-SHORE WIND POTENTIAL
11
  • There are a significant number of foreign
    investors and Vietnamese companies setting up
    wind park projects in Vietnam, ranging from 6MW
    to 150MW.
  • So far, there were 21 wind projects under way
    that could produce enough electricity to connect
    to the grid (Binh Thuan, Ninh Thuan and Lam Dong).

12
  • In 2010, the total installed wind power capacity
    was estimated to be 9MW (7.5MW of which had been
    connected to the national grid, the remainder
    were household wind turbines).

13
SOME INSTALLED WIND POWER SYSTEMS
  • 30kW Nam Dinh (1999, hybrid system,
    wind-diesel).
  • 0.8MW Bach Long Vi Island
  • Binh Thuan Wind power plant
  • - The project has been developed by the
    Vietnamese company REVN.
  • - Total power 120MW
  • - The first five 1.5 MW turbines from the
    German manufacturer Fuhrländer have been
    installed in Binh Thuan province at the end of
    July 2009.

13
14
(No Transcript)
15
SUMMARY GRID CONNECTED WIND POWER PROJECTS
(UNDER IMPLEMENTATION)
  • Phuong Mai (Binh Dinh, 15MW 21MW) under price
    negotiation.
  • Ninh Phuoc (Phuoc Minh/Phuoc Nam, Ninh Thuan,
    first phase 50MW, second phase 100MW) project
    report completed.
  • Ninh Phuoc (An Hai/Phuoc Hai, Ninh Thuan, first
    phase 70MW, second phase 110MW) project report
    completed.
  • Thuan Bac (Ninh Thuan, 18MW) Investment license
    granted.

16
  • Phuoc Huu (Ninh Phuoc, Ninh Thuan, 50MW)
    Investment license granted.
  • An Hai/An Phuoc (Ninh Thuan, 60MW) Investment
    plan approved.

17
1.2. SOLAR ENERGY
  • Mean Annual Sunshine Hours
  • - North 1800 2100 hours of sunshine a year,
    on average.
  • - South 2000 2600 hours of sunshine a year,
    on average.

18
MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day)
Location HANOI (21o03N, 105o54E)
January 2.2
February 1.6
March 1.4
April 2.7
May 5.3
June 5.2
July 5.9
August 5.3
September 5.4
October 5.3
November 4.2
December 3.5
19
MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day)
Location DANANG (16o03N, 108o12E)
January 4.4
February 5.1
March 3.4
April 6.9
May 8.3
June 7.9
July 8.3
August 6.7
September 5.8
October 4.7
November 4.0
December 3.6
20
MONTHLY MEAN SUNSHINE HOURS (Hours/day)
Location HOCHIMINH City (10o45N, 106o41E)
January 7.9
February 8.8
March 8.8
April 7.7
May 6.3
June 5.7
July 5.8
August 5.6
September 5.4
October 5.9
November 6.7
December 7.2
21
MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day)
Location HANOI (21o03N, 105o54E)
January 2.24
February 2.40
March 2.53
April 3.46
May 5.23
June 5.31
July 5.59
August 5.10
September 4.79
October 4.18
November 3.45
December 2.97
Annual Mean Solar Radiation 3.93kWh/m2/day
22
MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day)
Location DANANG (16o03N, 108o12E)
January 3.5
February 4.3
March 5.2
April 5.8
May 6.4
June 5.9
July 6.5
August 5.7
September 5.2
October 4.2
November 3.1
December 2.5
Annual Mean Solar Radiation 4.85kWh/m2/day
23
MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day)
Location NHA TRANG (12o15N, 109o11E)
January 4.66
February 5.29
March 5.69
April 5.91
May 5.90
June 5.66
July 5.66
August 5.51
September 4.92
October 4.42
November 4.04
December 4.15
Annual Mean Solar Radiation 5.15kWh/m2/day
24
MONTHLY MEAN SOLAR RADIATION (kWh/m2/day)
Location HOCHIMINH City (10o45N, 106o41E)
January 5.1
February 6.3
March 6.6
April 5.7
May 5.0
June 4.9
July 5.1
August 5.0
September 4.8
October 4.5
November 4.3
December 4.6
Annual Mean Solar Radiation 5.2kWh/m2/day
25
Solar Applications
  • Two main applications
  • - Solar hot water
  • - Solar photovoltaics

26
  • Solar hot water has been developed since 1990. At
    the early period, it was very difficult to get
    the attention of the community.
  • But, since around 1998, the number of installed
    solar hot water systems has gradually increased,
    especially in Ho Chi Minh city.

27
  • Currently, solar hot water has become one of
    renewable energy products at high competition.
  • That leads to the increase of the number of
    companies doing business in this field.
  • But, there is so far nearly no full industry
    referring to solar hot water. The main components
    of the system (solar collector,) are imported,
    mainly from China.

28
  • Solar photovoltaics has been also applied long
    time ago.
  • But, due to many difficulties, it has not
    exercised its influence on the society.

29
  • In 1990, the first 300Wp-unit was installed at
    Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city.
  • From 1994, solar photovoltaics has been expanded
    in the whole country.
  • Currently, total installed solar photovoltaics is
    a little more than 3MWp.

30
  • Main features of photovoltaic development in
    Vietnam
  • - Most budgets funded by international
    organizations and several funded by national
    agencies (there is so far nearly no personal
    budget invested to set up the system).
  • - It leads to unstable and unsustainable
    development.
  • - All solar panels are so far imported.

31
  • Currently, there are several companies doing
    business on solar photovoltaics in Vietnam.

32
RED SUN Long An, near Ho Chi Minh City. By planning, its expected capacity is 3MWp/year (first step) and 5MWp/year (next step).
FIRST SOLAR Cu Chi, Ho Chi Minh City. At the end of January 2011, the US First Solar Group was granted a license to build a solar panel factory in Vietnam with a total investment capital of one billion dollars.
IC ENERGY Chu Lai, Quang Nam, with a total investment capital of 390 millions dollars (May 2011).
33
1.3. SMALL HYDROPOWER
  • Yearly average rainfall 1,860mm.
  • There are more than 2,200 big-to-small rivers and
    streams.
  • Vietnam is considered as one of rich hydropower
    resource countries.

34
  • Under the existing Vietnams regulations, a
    hydroelectric project of less than 30MW and using
    10 hectares is classified as small-scaled.
  • Small hydropower potential (less than 30MW)
    estimated to be nearly 4000MW.

35
SMALL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL
Scale, MW 0.1 - 1 1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15 15 - 20
Potential, MW 126.8 1,030 1,048 648 563
Scale, MW 20 - 25 25 - 30 30 - 35 35 - 40 40 - 50
Potential, MW 309 290 135 175 144
36
INSTALLED SMALL HYDROPOWER
Scale, MW 0.1 - 1 1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15
Installed capacity, MW 31.5 53.15 45.4 37
37
CURRENT NUMBER OF SMALL HYDROPOWER STATIONS
Scale, MW 0.1 - 1 1 - 5 5 - 10 10 - 15
Number of stations 111 22 5 3
38
  • But, the government will put the screws on small
    hydropower projects because of deforestation and
    environmental fears, especially flooding.

39
1.4. BIOFUEL and BIOMASS
  • An urgent need to meet the energy demand of the
    country.
  • A high priority on investment and exploitation of
    agricultural waste and its by-products.

40
  • - Biodiesel (produced from cassava, coconut,
    sesame, peanut, flax, jatropha, and from animal
    products such as catfish fat) has been
    determined to be strongly promoted.

41
  • JATROPHA CURCAS
  • - Four million hectares of deforested hill are
    considered to be suitable for growing JATROPHA
    CURCAS.
  •  

42
ESPECTED PLAN
  • Biofuel output, including ethanol, would reach
    250,000 tons/year by 2015 and 1.8 million
    tons/year by 2025, meeting 5 percent of the total
    fuel demand of the country.

43
PROJECTS
  • Vietnam plans to produce 100,000 tons/year of 5
    ethanol blend and 50,000 tons/year of 5
    biodiesel blend by 2010, meeting 0,4 of fuel
    demand.
  • The country has five biofuel plant projects under
    construction.
  • Three, including an 85 million plant by
    PetroVietnam, will start producing 240 million
    liters of 99,7 ethanol a year. The plants will
    use cassava and sugarcane as feedstock.

44
  • A joint Vietnam-Korean bio-diesel production
    plant was inaugurated in Yeochu city, Kyeonggi
    province, the Republic of Korea (RoK) on March
    23, 2010.
  • - Capacity 200 tons/year (from waste oil,
    animal fat, palm and coconut oil A joint effort
    between the Vietnam Institute of Industrial
    Chemistry (VIIC), the Hankyong University and the
    Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA).
  • - Under the deal, Vietnam will receive
    technology and production lines to build a
    bio-diesel plant with a projected capacity of
    4,000 tons a year.

45
  • Three more ethanol plants with capacities
    100,000tons/year are being built in the centre
    and north.
  • THE FIRST PLANT PRODUCING BIODIESEL FROM CATFISH
    FAT WAS INAUGURATED IN THE MEKONG DELTA CITY OF
    CAN THO IN EARLY 2009 (MINH TU CO., LTD). THIS
    PLANT CAN PRODUCE 50,000 LITERS OF BIODIESEL A
    DAY.
  • REFINERS IN CAN THO AND AN GIANG ARE MAKING
    BIO-DIESEL FROM CATFISH FAT, THE MEKONG DELTA
    FACTORIES CURRENTLY PROCESS 30,000 TONS OF
    CATFISH FAT EACH YEAR.

46
  • BY THE END OF 2011, VIETNAM WILL HAVE FIVE
    BIOFUELS PLANTS WITH A TOTAL CAPITAL OF 365,000
    TONS OF ETHANOL, WHICH, MIXED WITH GASOLINE, WILL
    YIELD 7.3 MILLION TONS OF E5 PETROL.
  • PETROLIMEX BEGAN SELLING BIO-PETROL (5 PERCENT
    ETHANOL AND 95 PERCENT PETROL) IN AUGUST AT
    FILLING STATIONS IN HCM CITY, HANOI, VUNG TAU,
    HAI PHONG AND HAI DUONG AND WILL ADD SALES POINTS
    IN DA NANG, HUE AND CAN THO THIS YEAR.  THE
    BIOPETROL IS OFFERED AT 500 DONG PER LITER LESS
    THAN NORMAL GAS.

47
  • Biomass, including wood and agricultural residues
    (rice husk, rice straw, coffee husk, bagasse,
    sugar cane, coconut residues,) is widely used
    for energy production in Vietnam.
  • Currently biomass is considered as a
    non-commercial energy source, collected and used
    locally.
  • Potential 30 - 50 million tons/year, with only
    30-40 currently used for cooking and power
    generation in sugar mills (150MW).

48
Potential of biomass for electricity generation
Type of biomass Total production, tons/year Estimated electricity power, MW
Rice husk 6,000,000 70 - 150
Bagasse 5,000,000 150 - 200
Wood residues 440,000 5
Waste and others 30 - 50
49
Potential of biomass for electricity generation
Type of biomass Total production, tons/year Total available, tons/year Estimated electricity power, MW
Rice husk 6,000,000 2,300,000 70 - 150
Bagasse 5,000,000 4,200,000 150 - 200
Wood residues 440,000 5
Waste and others 30 - 50
50
2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK NATIONAL POLICY
51
Legal framework for biofuel production trading. Nearly completed Highest level of investment incentives.
2007 TWO NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR BIO-ETHANOL AND BIO-DIESEL WERE ISSUED
52
2008 THE MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY AND TRADE APPROVED PROJECTS TO GROW TREES AS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCING BIOFUELS, TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCING BIOFUELS, TO DESIGN PLANS AND POLICIES TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFUELS IN VIETNAM AND TO TEST AND APPLY ETHANOL PETROL IN VIETNAM.
53
2008 THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT ALSO APPROVED A PROJECT TO RESEARCH AND DEVELOP JATROPHA BUSHES IN VIETNAM.
2007 - 2008 THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE IN 2007 AND 2008 ISSUED TWO CIRCULARS ON STATE FUNDING FOR BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS.
54
2009 THE MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ISSUED TWO NATIONAL STANDARDS ON BIOFUELS.
55
  • In order to support foreign investors, the
    Vietnamese Government has determined that
    renewable energy is a field worthy of investment
    incentives. Investors can enjoy advantages such
    as import tax exemption and land fee exemption
    over a certain period of time.
  • On 2 August 2007 the Vietnamese Government issued
    decision 130/2007/QD-TTg on financial mechanisms
    and policies for investment projects implemented
    in accordance with the Clean Development
    Mechanism (CDM).

56
  • On 4 July 2008 the Ministry of Finance and the
    Ministry of Nature and Environment jointly issued
    Joint Circular 58/2008/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT to guide
    implementation of the provisions set out in
    decision 130/2007/QD-TTg.

57
  • Decision No.110/2007/QD-TTg, aiming targeting RE
    of 4051 MW by 2025
  • Decision No.1855/QD-TTg, it sets up the target
    with share of RE (3-2010 5-2020)

58
  • Decision No. 177/2007 Scheme on Developments of
    Biofuels up to 2015, with 2025 Vision
  • Decision No. 1855/2007 National Energy
    Development Strategy up to 2020, with 2050 Vision
  • Decision 158/2008 National Target Program to
    respond to climate change

59
  • On-going DRAFT DECREE ON RENEWABLE ENERGY
    PROMOTION.

60
3. DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
61
  • Vietnam is one of good places for applying
    renewable energy because RE is distributed
    through-out the country.
  • The government has recognized the important role
    of RE in economic development of the country.

62
  • Although the overall policy is positive and
    forward thinking, the existing legislative
    framework in the RE sector is somewhat complex
    and overlapping
  • ? So far there are still difficulties and
    barriers to develop RE in Vietnam.
  • ? There has been no considerable progress in
    utilizing renewable energy in daily life.

63
  • Barriers
  • - Reasonable policies to encourage foreign and
    domestic investors.
  • - Favorable power pricing rules, environmental
    tax (price distortions from existing subsidies
    and unequal tax burdens between RE and other
    energy sources, unequal government subsidies and
    taxes).
  • - Production cost ? Technology transfer,
    upgraded technologies.
  • - Customers (it is still hard to find customers
    inadequate information,).

64
  • It should be focused on
  • - Wind energy
  • - Solar energy
  • - Biofuel biodiesel bioethanol
  • Problem Small hydropower ????

65
  • In order to promote the RE applications, all the
    current difficulties and barriers in policies and
    finance must be solved and removed by issuing
    appropriate policies.
  • ? DECREE or LAW ON RENEWABLE ENERGY.

66
  • POSITIVE SIGNALS
  • But, over the last five years, the RE
    development in Vietnam has become faster
  • - WIND FARMS
  • - INVESTMENT PROJECTS ON SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS
    PRODUCTION
  • - BIODIESEL and BIOMETHANOL

67
  • Based on current positive signals, we do hope, RE
    in Vietnam will develop faster in the near future.

68
  • In order to wait in front for the coming RE
    explosion in Vietnam, beside policies we should
    focus strongly on the training as well to solve
    the human resources problem.

69
  • ? CURRICULUM / Related BOOKS

70
REFERENCES
  • Renewable Energy in Asia The Vietnam Report,
    August 2005
  • http//www.monre.gov.vn/
  • www.frenchriverland.com/final20-20Report20Hydro
    electric20power20plant.ppt
  • http//vietnambusiness.asia/axe-to-fall-on-small-h
    ydropower-projects/
  • http//agmhp.aseanenergy.org/media/documents/2010/
    10/05/o/v/overview_of_small_hydropower_development
    _in_vietnam.pdf

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