Chapter 01: European Settlement of North America

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Chapter 01 European Settlement of North America
1.1 The First Europeans
(18 Note Cards Required)
SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the 17th century.
SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.
SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.
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Colonies

• Territories established by the government of a
  nation in a foreign land.

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Spain
The Spanish were the first to arrive and
establish strong settlements. They dominated
much of South America, modern-day Mexico, and
what eventually became the US Southwest, Florida,
and parts of Georgia.
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Columbian Exchange

• Widespread transfer of agricultural goods between
  the Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred
  after 1492.

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• The French Settlements

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France
The French took advantage of rivers and inland
waterways to control parts of the interior.
France made great amounts of money from the fur
trade.
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Why the French Explored North America
I. Reasons why France explored North America
A. To Christianize the Native Americans. B. To
deal in furs, not gold II. Unlike the Spanish,
the French were friendly toward the Indians.
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Where is New France Located?
Located in Middle America from the St. Lawrence
to the Mississippi River.
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Quebec
France's first successful colony in North America
which rested along the shores of the St. Lawrence
River. Established in 1608 by Samuel de
Champlain.
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American HistoryUnit 02

• The English Colonies

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Joint-Stock Company

• A company owned by a group of investors.

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Indentured Servants
People who agreed to work for a landowner for up
to seven years in exchange for that landowner
paying for their trip to North America. After
seven years they were suppose to become
landowners themselves.
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Roanoke
I. Roanoke A. The English first attempt to
settle the New world. II. Became the first
American history mystery??????? A. Called the
"Lost Colony." B. Only one clue left behind to
tell of the settlement's disappearance. 1.
Cro and the Croatoans. C. What happened?
1. Pirates, Indians, Spaniards, perhaps a
hurricane? Nobody knows.
Sir Walter Raleigh
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Roanoke Map
History Fun Fact Virginia Dare, born in 1587 on
Roanoke Island, was the first child born of
English parents in the New World.
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Virginia Company
Sponsored the Jamestown colony and hoped to make
money off of the products and raw materials it
produced.
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Jamestown

• First successful English colony in North America
  founded in Virginia in 1607.

Three small ships sailed from England to
establish a colony in Virginia, arriving in May
1607. Jamestown became America's first permanent
English settlement.
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Jamestown Mistakes
I. Mistakes of Jamestown 1. Didn't
follow advice. a. Jamestowns location
was wrong 1a. Settled in swampy
area many died from malaria. 2. Treated
the Indians poorly. a. Fought them
whenever they could. 3. Settlers wanted to
be rich quick and didnt plant crops.
a. Too many Gentlemen not accustomed to manual
labor. b. Wanted to look for gold
instead of planting crops.
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John Smith
I. John Smith- Leader of Jamestown colonists
A. "Don't work, you don't eat." B. Made men
plant crops and trade with Indians.

Brought to Jamestown as a captive, Captain John
Smith became part of the governing council of
Jamestown and an iconic historical figure due to
his skillful leadership of the threatened colony
and strong relationships with the Native
Americans.
Captain John Smith
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John Rolfe

• Saved the colony when he discovered a new crop
  called tobacco.

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Tobacco
The crop proved very profitable for growers,
produced large revenues for the British
government in taxes, and created a class of
wealthy, large land owners in Virginia. Led to
many more colonists coming to Virginia.
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Slavery
A system in which people are owned like
property. The first African Americans in the
English colonies arrived in 1619 at Jamestown.
Africans, who arrived against their will in 1619
had no choice other than to adapt to the
conditions in which they found themselves. This
included learning new English customs and
language and having their own traditions ignored
or discouraged by those around them.
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Plantation System
Economic system that relies on the production of
cash crops by huge farms owned by wealthy
landowners. It made the South very dependent on
slavery.
Although slavery was not a prominent component of
the early Jamestown settlement, the institution
took root in Virginia with the growth of the
tobacco industry and became a prototype for the
other colonies.
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Headright System

• This system promised 50 acres of land to those
  who would settle in the colony.

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Religion
Religion, notably Protestantism, played a central
role in the life of the colonists, illustrated by
the famous cross-planting at Cape Henry and the
early construction of several churches within the
Jamestown colony.
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Women

• Arrival of Woman
• Men worked very hard to support their family.
• Women sent to colonies (sold for 120 lbs. of
  tobacco.)
• Ratio of 1 woman for every four men.

Starting in 1608, women began arriving in
Jamestown, where many could achieve a status and
freedom unheard of in England.
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Chief Powhatan
Chief who led a confederation of Native Americans
in Virginia. After initially going to war with
the colonists he eventually negotiated an uneasy
peace with them.
Powhatan was the paramount chief of some 30
Powhatan Indian tribes when English settlers
arrived at Jamestown in 1607. His daughter
Pocahontas befriended the English and at times
served as intermediary between the two cultural
groups.
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Powhatans and Trade
Trade between the Jamestown settlers and the
Powhatan Indians became increasingly important. 
The English relied on the Indians for food and
information, while the Powhatan found English
copper and metal tools desirable.
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Bacons Rebellion

• Rebellion of small farmers, indentured servants,
  and some slaves in western Virginia led by an
  aristocrat named Nathaniel Bacon.

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Representative Governments

• Governments in which the people elect their own
  officials and have a voice.

Shareholder discontent with martial law in the
new colony prompted the creation of the "New
Charter" which directly led to the first
legislative assembly in the New World.
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House of Burgesses (1619)
In 1619, Virginians established the colonies'
first elected legislative body. The Burgesses
were selected directly by the people and, along
with the governor and his appointed council,
comprised Virginia's government.
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Affects of European Diseases

• I. Affects of European diseases on Native
  Americans
• A. Indians had no resistance.
• 1. Many succumbed to smallpox, whooping
  cough, and measles.
• B. Diseases wiped out 75 of the Native
  American population.