Properties of Matter

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Properties of Matter
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Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Mass

• the amount of matter in an object

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Mass

• the amount of matter in an object
• measured with a balance

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Volume

• the amount of space (capacity) an object takes up

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Volume

• the amount of space (capacity) an object takes up
• measured with a ruler or graduated cylinder

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What is density?
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What is density?

• Density is a comparison of how much matter there
  is in a certain amount of space.

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What is density?

• Density is a comparison of how much matter there
  is in a certain amount of space.
• The more matter in a certain space, it will sink.
  Less matter it will rise

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Which one is more dense?

• Demonstration People in a room or in a field
• How about this Which square is more dense?

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Which one is more dense?

• Now which one is more dense?

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What is density?

• Density mass OR mass volume.
• volume
• Units for density g .
• cm3
• Why are these the units for density?

ALWAYS REMEMBER UNITS!
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Physical Properties

• Are characteristics or features that describe a
  substance.

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Examples of physical properties include

• color
• taste
• shape
• Boiling point

• smell
• appearance
• Melting point
• density

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Chemical Properties
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Chemical Properties

• Are properties that change the substance to a new
  substance (s) during a chemical reaction.

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Chemical Properties

• Are properties that change the substance to a new
  substance (s) during a chemical reaction.
• Are properties of a substance, not a specific
  object

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Examples include

• Acidity
• Corrosiveness

• Flammability
• toxicity

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Examples of Chemical Properties/Changes
Burning Rusting Cooking Film Processing
(Any change that causes NEW matter to be formed)
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Law of Conservation of Matter
There is no observable change in the quantity of
matter during a chemical reaction or a physical
change. In other words, matter cannot be created
nor destroyed. It is just converted from one
form to another (just like energy)
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States of Matter

• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma

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Solids
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Solids

• Have definite shape and definite volume

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Solids

• Have definite shape and definite volume
• Particles are tightly packed

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Solids

• Have definite shape and definite volume
• Particles are tightly packed
• Molecules are held close together and there is
  very little movement between them.

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Liquids
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Liquids

• Do not have definite shape but do have definite
  volume

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Liquids

• Do not have definite shape but do have definite
  volume
• Particles are loosely packed

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Liquids

• Do not have definite shape but do have definite
  volume
• Particles are loosely packed
• Atoms and molecules have more space between them
  than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It
  is more fluid)

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Gases
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Gases

• Do not have definite shape or definite volume

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Gases

• Do not have definite shape or definite volume
• Particles are very far apart

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Gases

• Do not have definite shape or definite volume
• Particles are very far apart
• Molecules are moving in random patterns with
  varying amounts of distance between the
  particles.

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Phase Changes of Water

• ICE WATER STEAM

melting freezing
evaporating condensing
(solid) (liquid) (gas)
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Plasma
Plasma is different from a gas, because it is
made up of groups of positively and negatively
charged particles
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Plasma

• You don't find naturally occurring plasmas too
  often when you walk around. They aren't things
  that happen regularly on Earth.
• If you have ever heard of the Northern Lights,
  you might know that those are types of plasmas.
  It takes a very special environment to keep
  plasmas going.

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Star formation in the Eagle NebulaSpace
Telescope Science Institute, NASA (below)
Northern Lights
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Products manufacturedusing plasmas impact our
daily lives
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• EXAMPLES
• Computer chips and integrated circuits
• Computer hard drives
• Electronics
• Machine tools
• Medical implants and prosthetics
• Audio and video tapes
• Aircraft and automobile engine parts

• Printing on plastic food containers
• Energy-efficient window coatings
• High-efficiency window coatings
• Safe drinking water
• Voice and data communications components
• Anti-scratch and anti-glare coatings on
  eyeglasses and other optics

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• While natural plasmas aren't found around you
  that often, man-made plasmas are everywhere.
• Think about fluorescent light bulbs. They are not
  like regular light bulbs. Inside the long tube is
  a gas. Electricity flows through the tube when
  the light is turned on. The electricity acts as
  an energy source and charges up the gas. This
  charging and exciting of the atoms creates
  glowing plasma inside the bulb.

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Properties of Matter include

• How it looks (shiny, dull, colored)
• How it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth)
• How it smells (sweet, salty, flowery)
• How it sounds (loud, soft, hollow)
• How it tastes (sweet salty, bitter, sour)
• What it does (bounce, bubble, tear)

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So what makes up matter?
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Atoms

• The building blocks of Matter
• Consists of Protons (), Electrons (-),
• and Neutrons (N).

Elements

• Consists of only one kind of atom,
• Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of
  matter by either physical or chemical
  means
• Can exist as either atoms or molecules.

Images are from http//www.chem4kids.com
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Elements

• There around 120 elements, and when you combine
  them you can make millions of molecules.
• ( We sometimes use the terms atom and element to
  mean the same thing. Remember, atom is the
  general term. Everything is made of atoms. The
  term element is used to describe atoms with
  specific characteristics)

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Molecules

• A molecule is made when two or more atoms of the
  same element or different elements bond together
  chemically.

• Examples include
• H2O
• O2
• C6H12O6

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compounds

• Are molecules that are made up of two or more
  different elements.
• Fixed formula / ratio (one of this and two of
  that)
• All compounds are molecules but not all
  molecules are compounds.
• examples
• Water (H2O)
• Salt NaCl
• Glucose C6H12O6

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Pure Substances VS Mixtures

• Matter can be classified in two broad categories
  pure substances and mixtures

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What are "substances"?

• Has specific composition and specific properties.
• Iron (Fe)
• Methane (CH4)
• Substances can be identified as either an
  element, compound, or a mixture.

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Mixtures

• combination of two or more different atoms in a
  varying ratio and can be separated.
• examples
• Salt and water
• Sugar and water
• Chicken soup

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Mixtures

• Can be heterogeneous (not uniform) or homogeneous
  (uniform throughout).

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What is a pure substance?

• A substance composed of only
• one type of atom or molecule in
• a constant ratio.
• Can be either an element or a
• compound.

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What is a pure substance?

• Elements
• Cannot be separated into simpler substances by
  chemical changes

• Compounds
• Can be separated into simpler substances by
  chemical changes

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Matter
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
NO
YES
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
NO
YES
Element
Compound
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Separable into simpler substances?
NO
YES
Element
Compound
Helium (He)
Pure water H2O
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Uniform throughout?
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Uniform throughout?
NO
YES
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Uniform throughout?
NO
YES
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
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Matter
Composition Varies?
NO
YES
Pure Substance
Mixture
Uniform throughout?
NO
YES
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Wet sand
Tea with sugar
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