Tablets - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 23
About This Presentation
Title:

Tablets

Description:

... Khon Kaen University Direct compression Tablets are compressed directly from powder blends of the active ingredient and suitable excipients No pretreatment of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:1080
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 24
Provided by: iLLu94
Category:
Tags: tablets

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Tablets


1
Multi station rotary presses
Source http//vivekkivani.blogspot.com/
2
(No Transcript)
3
  • Although tablet compressing machinery has
    undergone numerous mechanical modifications over
    the years, the compaction of materials between a
    pair of moving punches within a stationary die
    has remained unchanged
  • The principle modification from earlier equipment
    has been an increase in production rate which is
    regulated by
  • Number of tooling sets
  • Number of compression stations
  • Rotational speed of the press

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
4
  • Special adaptations of tablet machines allow for
    the compression of layered tablets and coated
    tablets
  • A device that chills the compression components
    to allow for the compression of low-melting point
    substances such as waxes i.e. suppositories

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
5
Compression
  • The ultimate test of a tablet formulation and
    granulation process is whether the granulation
    can be compressed on a high-speed tablet press.
  • During compression, the tablet press performs the
    following functions
  • Filling of empty die cavity with granulation.
  • Precompression of granulation (optional).
  • Compression of granules.
  • Ejection of the tablet from the die cavity and
    take-off of compressed tablet.

6
  • When evaluating the compression characteristics
    of a particular formulation, prolonged trial runs
    at press speeds equal to that to be used in
    normal production should be tried.
  • Only then are potential problems such as sticking
    to the punch surface, tablet hardness, capping,
    and weight variation detected.
  • High-speed tablet compression depends on the
    ability of the press to interact with granulation.

7
  • Following are the parameters to be considered
    while choosing speed of press.
  • Granulation feed rate.
  • Delivery system should not change the particle
    size distribution.
  • System should not cause segregation of coarse and
    fine particles, nor it should induce static
    charges.

8
  • The die feed system must be able to fill the die
    cavities adequately in the short period of time
    that the die is passing under the feed frame.
  • The smaller the tablet , the more difficult it is
    to get a uniform fill a high press speeds.
  • For high-speed machines, induced die feed systems
    is necessary.
  • These are available with a variety of feed
    paddles and with variable speed capabilities.
  • So that optimum feed for every granulation can
    be obtained.

9
  • After the die cavities are filled ,the excess is
    removed by the feed frame to the center of the
    die table.
  • Compression of the granulation usually occurs as
    a single event as the heads of the punches pass
    over the lower and under the upper pressure
    rollers.
  • This cause the punches to the penetrate the die
    to a preset depth, compacting the granulation to
    the thickness of the gap set between the punches.

10
  • The rapidity and dwell time in between this press
    event occurs is determined by the speed at which
    the press is rotating and by the size of
    compression rollers.
  • Larger the compressions roller, the more
    gradually compression force is applied and
    released.

11
  • Slowing down the press speed or using larger
    compression rollers can often reduce capping in a
    formulation.
  • The final event is ejection of compressed tablets
    from die cavity.
  • During compression, the granulation is compacted
    to form tablet, bonds within compressible
    material must be formed which results in sticking.

12
  • High level of lubricant or over blending can
    result in a soft tablet, decrease in wettability
    of the powder and an extension of the dissolution
    time.
  • Binding to die walls can also be overcome by
    designing the die to be 0.001 to 0.005 inch wider
    at the upper portion than at the center in order
    to relieve pressure during ejection.

13
DIFFERENT PUNCHES DIES
14
Tableting methods (already seen)
  • Dry methods
  • Direct compression
  • Dry granulation
  • Wet methods
  • Wet granulation

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
15
WET GRANULATION DRY GRANULATION DIRECT COMPRESSION
1. Milling and mixing of drugs and excipients 1. Milling and mixing of drugs and excipients 1. Milling and mixing of drugs and excipients
2. Preparation of binder solution 2. Compression into slugs or roll compaction 2. Compression of tablet
3. Wet massing by addition of binder solution or granulating solvent 3. Milling and screening of slugs and compacted powder  
4. Screening of wet mass 4. Mixing with lubricant and disintegrant  
5. Drying of the wet granules 5. Compression of tablet  
6. Screening of dry granules    
7. Blending with lubricant and disintegrant to produce running powder    
8. Compression of tablet    
16
Direct compression
  • Tablets are compressed directly from powder
    blends of the active ingredient and suitable
    excipients
  • No pretreatment of the powder blends by wet or
    dry granulation procedures is necessary

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
17
Advantages
  • Economy
  • Machine fewer manufacturing steps and pieces of
    equipment
  • Labor reduce labor costs
  • Less process validation
  • Lower consumption of power

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
18
Advantages (contd.)
  • Elimination of granulation process
  • Heat (wet granulation)
  • Moisture (wet granulation)
  • High pressure (dry granulation)
  • Processing without the need for moisture and heat
    which is inherent in most wet granulation
    procedures
  • Avoidance of high compaction pressures involves
    in producing tablets by slugging or roll
    compaction

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
19
Advantages (contd.)
  • Elimination of variabilities in wet granulation
    processing
  • Viscosity of the granulating solution (depend on
    its temperature),
  • How long it has been prepared,
  • Rate of binder addition and kneading can affect
    the properties of the granules formed
  • The granulating solution, the type and length of
    mixing and the method and rate of wet and dry
    screening can change the density and particle
    size of the granules, which can have a major
    effect on fill weight and compaction qualities

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
20
Advantages (contd.)
  • Type and rate of drying
  • can lead to unblending as soluble active
    ingredients migrate to the surfaces of the drying
    granules
  • Less unit processes incorporated in production
    means less chances of batch-to-batch variation
    are compounded

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
21
Direct compression fillers
  • Common materials that have been modified in the
    chemical manufacturing process to improve
    fluidity and compressibility

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
22
Soluble fillers
  • Spray dried lactose (good flowability less
    compressibility)
  • Fast-Flo lactose (much more compressible and
    highly fluid)
  • Tabletose aggromerate form of lactose (More
    compressible than spray dried but less
    compressible than Fast Flo lactose)
  • Di-Pac cocrystallization of 97 sucrose and 3
    modified dextrin
  • Sorbitol
  • Maltodextrin (Highly compressible completely
    soluble )
  • And more.

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
23
Insoluble fillers
  • Starch 1500 intact starch grains and ruptured
    starch grains that have been partially hydrolyzed
    and subsequently agglomerated
  • Era-Tab spray-dried rice starch (good fluidity
    compressibility depends on moisture)
  • Avicel microcrystalline cellulose (the most
    important tablet excipient developed in modern
    times most compressible)
  • Dicalcium phosphate (Emcompress or DiTab)

Source Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jomjai Peerapattana,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen
University
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com