Motivation Matters: Tools to Encourage Students to Become Engaged Readers and Learners

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Motivation Matters Tools to Encourage Students
to Become Engaged Readers and Learners

• Joy L. Russell
• jlrussell_at_eiu.edu
• Department of EC/ELE/MLE
• Eastern Illinois University
• East Central-EIU Reading Council
• February 9, 2009

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Why is the topic of Motivation Important?

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v29xGvc5QbiU

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FACTORS AFFECTING STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Marzano,
2001

• SCHOOL
• - guaranteed and viable curriculum
• - challenging goals and effective feedback
• - parent and community involvement
• -safe and orderly environment
• -collegiality and professionalism
• TEACHER
• -instructional strategies
• -classroom management
• -classroom curriculum design
• STUDENT
• -home atmosphere
• -learned intelligence and background
  knowledge
• -motivation

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Describe the Motivated Student
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Motivational Descriptors(Howse, Lange, Farran,
Boyles, 2003)

• Student is competitive with self and/or other
  children.
• Student is a self-starter independent.
• Student can interest self.
• Student prefers challenging rather than
  nonchallenging tasks.

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What Motivates You?
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Score yourself as follows

• Intrinsic Motivation
• Reverse scores for items 9 and 14
• Add the scores for these items
  3578911131417202326272830
• Higher scores indicate higher levels of intrinsic
  motivation. An average Intrinsic Motivation score
  based on previous experiments is 45. Where do you
  score?

• Extrinsic Motivation
• Reverse scores for items 1, 16, and 22
• Add the scores for these items
  12461012151618192122242529
• Higher scores indicate higher levels of intrinsic
  motivation An average Extrinsic Motivation score
  based on previous experiments is 39. Where do you
  score?

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Motivation Definitions(Messer, 1995 Stipek,
2002)

• Intrinsic Motivation This is an internal locus
  of causality. Student involved in activities by
  own volition. Exists in absence of extrinsic
  reward or purpose.
• Extrinsic Motivation This is an external locus
  of causality. Student involved in activities to
  receive reward or please another or some other
  reason other than personal preference.

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Children dont need to be rewarded to learn..at
any age rewards are less effective than intrinsic
motivation.. Kohn, 1993

• WHAT DO YOU THINK?

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Is learning a function of the teachers ability
to find the right combination of rewards and
punishments?
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Motivation Fact or Fantasy?

1. Some kids are just not motivated?
2. Rewards motivate?
3. You can be motivated one day and not the next?
4. Competition is a great motivator? Yougottawanna
5. Punishment is an effective motivator?

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PRINCIPLES FOR MAXIMIZING STUDENT MOTIVATION FOR
LEARNING

1. Operate from understanding of student needs.
2. Manage Context-Not students

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Motivation for Learning Bain Jacobs, 1990
Brophy Good, 1986 Wang, Haertel Walberg,
1993)

• High levels of motivation in teachers relate to
  high levels of motivation for students
• Teachers enthusiasm for learning and for the
  subject matter is an important factor in student
  motivation
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v0s-oGumvPz0feature
  related
• A teachers involvement in graduate studies may
  be a source of motivation for students

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Standards for Maximizing Student Motivation The
student must believe the learning is

• Valuable
• Involving
• Successful
• Safe
• Caring
• Enabling

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What makes children want to read?

• Intrinsic Motivation
• Involvement (the experience of getting lost in a
  book
• Curiosity (interest in the subject)
• Preference for challenge (seeking to figure
  something out

• Extrinsic Motivation
• Recognition (awards, prizes, etc)
• Grades
• Compliance
• Competition

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Motivating Students to Read

• Assign the reading at least two sessions before
  it will be discussed
• Assign study questions
• Have students turn in brief notes on the day's
  reading that they can use during exams
• Ask students to write a one-word journal or
  one-word sentence
• Ask nonthreatening questions about the reading

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What makes children want to read?

• Self-efficacy
• Belief by the student that s/he can be successful
  at reading so that s/he approaches books with
  confidence

• Social Interaction
• Sharing with friends and family through
  discussion, shared writing, etc.

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• http//www.broward.k12.fl.us/learnresource/Readmot
  ivation.htm The Superintendents reading
  Motivation project
• http//www.rif.org/parents/motivate/default.mspx
  Reading is fundamental
• http//www.readingrockets.org/research/topic/motiv
  ation Reading motivation research

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Ideas to increase intrinsic motivation (Rogers,
Ludington, Graham, 1997)

• Provide meaningful choices
• Provide frequent, specific, non-judgmental
  feedback focused on progress and growth
• Embed learning in activities students find
  enjoyable and worthwhile
• Protect the student from embarrassment
• Build positive self confidence through evidence
  of success
• Avoid the overuse of extrinsic motivators
• Match instructional activities to students
  learning needs
• Model learning with enthusiasm
• Use cooperative learning (build community)
• Provide celebrations for success

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vwec6w-r4g8Ufeature
  related change the world