Systematic Analysis of Evolution Patterns in Bio Medical Systems

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Systematic Analysis of Evolution Patterns in Bio
Medical Systems
Dr. Sara Greenberg Holon Institute of Technology
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What is systematic innovation?

• A set of knowledge tools methods which can enable
  systematic development of innovative problem
  solving.

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TRIZ was founded in 1946 by a Russian engineer
and scientist, Genrich S. Altshuller (Oct.15
1926 - Sept. 24,1998)

• "?????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????"
• ?? ?????? "???????????? ?????????
  ????????????????????????? ???????"

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Genrich S. Altshuller
"?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????,
??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????
????? ??????? ??? ??? ????" ????? ?????????
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Evolution were it all begins . . .
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Laws of Technological Systems Evolution

• Evolution in stages.
• Evolution towards increased ideality.
• Non-Uniform development of system elements.
• Evolution towards increased dynamism and
  controllability.
• Increased complexity and then simplification.
• Evolution with matching and mismatching
  components.
• Evolution towards Micro-level and increased use
  of fields.
• Evolution towards decreased human involvement.

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Evolution in stages
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Lines of System Development
"Life Lines" Technical Systems by G. S.
Altshuller
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Evolution in stagesThe Driving Forces of
Technological Evolution Ideality, Innovation,
Consumers, Resources


Envelope
curve

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3

2

1

t

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Evolution in stagesDevelopment of Electronics
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What is a Contradiction?
P
An improvement in one characteristic of a system
results in the degradation of another
characteristic. Traditionally addressed by
compromise, sacrifice or trade-off
P
No compromise!
Contradiction Barrier Prevent from
Achievement of the Most Desirable Result
Y
Y -f(X)
X
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Evolution in stages
Development of hearing aids
Digital Aids
Transistor Aids
Carbon aids

• Horns Trumpets

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Evolution Towards Increased Ideality
The main driving force for system evolution is
increasing main system useful functions by
elevating value and decreasing the harmful
effects
S Useful Functions S Costs S Harm.
Functions
Value
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Evolution Towards Increased Ideality

• Landing lights on airport runway
• Biological glue
• Melting stitches in surgery
• No-stitch surgery
• Drugs with no side effects
• Stem cells therapy

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Non-Uniform Development of System Elements

• The process

Every sub-system evolves according to its own S-curve
Contradiction problem solving
New system variant
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Evolution Towards Increased Dynamism and
ControllabilityInventions Improving Systems
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Evolution Towards Increased Dynamism and
Controllability Evolution for Cell Phone Design
Monolithic System
System with one joint
System with many joints
Completely Elastic System
Field
Monolithic Telephone
Three-piece Telephone
Telephone with a flexible casing
Two-piece Telephone
Telephone with projected Keyboard/Image
Projection Image
Projection Keyboard
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Evolution Towards Increased Dynamism and
Controllability Segmentation of objects and
substances
Transition pattern
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Evolution Towards Increased Dynamism and
ControllabilityLine of Increasing Flexibility
suggests that the lens systems should evolve
through the following stages
?
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Substance Field Analysis
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The Evolution of the Microscope
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Evolution Towards Micro-level and Increased Use
of Fields
Macro- and bio-nano-equivalence of robot
components
From Biomimetics, Biologically Inspired
Technologies. Edited by Yoseph Bar-Cohen
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Evolution Towards Micro-level and Increased Use
of Fields
A vision of a nano-organism carbon nanotubes
(CNT) form the main body peptide limbs can be
used for locomotion and object manipulation, a
biomolecular motor located at the head can propel
the device in various environments.
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Transition Patterns Complication of Geometrical
Shape of Systems and Objects
Complication of geometrical shape
Volume evolution
Cylindrical
Spherical
Volume
Complicate
Surface evolution
Transition Point Line - Surface Volume
One curvature
Double curvature
Surface
Complicate
Lines evolution
2-D curve
Complicate
Line
3-D curve
Point
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Functions of Biological Surfaces

• The functions of biological surfaces
• Adhesion
• Friction
• Filtering
• Sensors
• Wetting phenomena
• Self-cleaning
• Thermoregulation
• Optics

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Technological systems directed evolution
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Evolution Potential Radar Plot Structure(Dynamiza
tion(
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System Evolutionary Potential Radar Plot
Increased use of fields
Increased use of resources
Evolution toward micro-levels
Decreased human involvement
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• ???? ???!

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Ideal Book - System Function

• Sony Reader

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What are the application of systematic innovation?

• Product improvement
• New product development
• Process improvement
• New process development

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???? ?????? ????? ???????????
??? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? TRIZ ?????? ??????
1 ????? ????? ???? 32 ??? ???? (10) ??? ????? ????? "????????" (??? ????? contradictions). ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
2 ????? ?? 45 ??? ???? ??? ????? (100) ????? ?- inventive principles (??????? ?"???????") ?????? ????? ?? contradictions ("??????") ?? ?????? ?? ????. ????? ?? ?? ??????.
3 ????? ??????? 19 ??? ???? ??? ?????? (1000) "??????? TRIZ ?????????" ?????? ?? contradictions ("??????") ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ???. ????? ??????? ?? ??????.
4 ????? ???? 4gt ??? ????? ????? ?????? (100,000) ARIZ, ???? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????.
5 ????? 0.3gt (1,000,000) ????? ??? ?????. ????? ?????, ???????. ??????????, ???????, ???? ???? ???.
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Discover the core of a problem with TRIZ
Administrative Contradiction (one problem with
dozen of sub problems)
System Thinking Functional Analysis Trimming R
oot Cause Analysis Technology Transfer Patents Mo
re..
Technical Contradiction
Physical Contradiction
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Super-systems
Super-systems
In the Present
In the Present
In the Future
In the Future
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Super-systems requirements ones values
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F2
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Systems output functions ones values
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Developed system result of the project
Starting point of the project, existing system -
subject of the project
Improving Systems with TRIZ
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Technical contradictions
Step 1. Create list of parameters of the given
system. Truck Speed, Stability, Fuel
consumption, Air drag friction, Weight of cargo,
Power of engine, Safety Step 2. Select your
favorite parameter and change its value. Truck
Speed ?-gt increase Step 3. Analyze interactions
between changed favorite parameter and other
parameters of the list. Select conflicting pairs.
Each conflicting pair means Technical
Contradiction (TC) Speed ? lt-gt Stability ? gt
conflict TC Speed ? lt-gt Fuel consumption ? gt
conflict TC Speed ? lt-gt Air drag friction ? gt
conflict TC Speed ? lt-gt Weight of cargo gt not
a conflict Speed ? lt-gt Power of engine ? gt
conflict TC Speed ? lt-gt Safety ? gt conflict
TC
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Problem solving example

• How to miniaturize the size of the printer?
• Restriction of reduction in the printer size is
  the standard width of the most widespread ?4
  paper which makes 210 mm.
• Contradiction The printer should be the size of
  an ?4 paper dimensions and should be less then
  the dimensions of an A4 paper in order to be
  portable.
• The contradiction was resolved by separation in
  space by using a geometrical effect. The sheet of
  a paper can be rolled up in a tube using less
  space.

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Portable Printer
Solution

• The printer head in formed in a circle.
  Printer-ring stretches out the sheet of a paper
  roll up in a tube. The new printer is almost
  three times less, than its portable competitors
  working under the old circuit.

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Solving Contradictions Altshullers Matrix ?
Physical Contradiction
Identification of Key Problem/ Conceptual
Direction
AC
EC
IFR
Route 2
Route 1
PC
Altshulers Matrix
Standard EC
Separation Strategic
IDEA
Secondary Problem Solving
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Engineering Contradictions

• Formulating the Technical Contradiction
• Inventive Problems written in the form of If -
  then - but

AC ? EC/TC ? sEC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S
Technical Contradiction for the Airplane Wing
IF we increase the area of the wing
THEN It generates more lift
BUT the weight of the wing increases
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Engineering Contradictions and Altshullers Matrix
AC ? EC/TC ? sEC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S

• Identifying Specific Parameters
• Identify the parameters in the Engineering
  Contradiction

Area and Weight are two parameters in the
Engineering Contradiction of the airplane wing
problem
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Engineering Contradictions and Altshullers Matrix
AC ? EC/TC ? sEC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S

• Identifying Typical Parameters
• Identify from Altshullers list those Typical
  Parameters that are similar in meaning to the
  Specific Parameters or are derivatives of
  Specific Parameters

Specific Parameters
Altshullers Typical Parameters
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Altshullers Matrix - Table of different
combinations of conflicting parameters
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Engineering Contradictions and Altshullers Matrix
AC ? EC ? sEC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S
Typical Parameter for Area

• Identifying Typical Parameters

Specific Parameters Typical Parameters
Area of moving object
Area of Wings Weight of a stationary object
Weight of a moving object
Length of a moving object
Weight of Wings Length of stationary object
Strength
Typical Parameter for Weight
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Engineering Contradictions and Altshullers Matrix
AC ? EC ? sEC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S

• IFR
• Increasing the Area of moving object (Area of
  wings) will not increase Weight of a moving
  object (Weight of wings)

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Altshullers Contradiction Matrix

1 2 3 4 5
1 Weight of moving object - 15,8 29,34 - 29,17 38,34
2 Weight of stationery object - - 10,1 29,35 -
3 Length of moving object 8,15 29,34 - - 15,17,4
4 Length of stationery object 35,28 40,29 - - 17,7 10,70
5 Area of moving object 2,17 29,4 - 14,50 18,4 -
Worsening Parameters
AC ? TC ? EC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S
Length of stationery object
Weight of moving object
Weight of stationery object
Length of moving object
Area of moving object
Improving Parameters
Inventive Principles
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Engineering Contradictions and Altshullers Matrix

• Description of the Inventive Principles

AC ? EC ? sEC ? IFR ? Matrix ? S
Number Name Description of Inventive Principles
2 Taking out Separate an interfering part or property from an object, or single out the only necessary part (or property) of an object
17 Another dimension To move an object in two- or three-dimensional space Use a multi-story arrangement of objects instead of a single-story arrangement Tilt or re-orient the object, lay it on its side Use 'another side' of a given area
29 Pneumatics and hydraulics Use gas and liquid parts of an object instead of solid parts (e.g. inflatable, filled with liquids, air cushion, hydrostatic, hydro-reactive)
4 Asymmetry Change the shape of an object from symmetrical to asymmetrical If an object is asymmetrical, increase its degree of asymmetry
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Engineering Contradictions and Altshullers Matrix

• Pneumatics and hydraulics
• The Exhaust gasses are released in such a way
  that they are a functional extension of the wing.
  They contribute to generating lift and do not add
  weight to the airplane.
• (from US Patent N 4 648 571)

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Separation Principles Solving Physical
Contradictions
Separation upon condition
Separation in space
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Inventive principles
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Principle 3. Local quality

• Change an object's structure from uniform to
  non-uniform, change an external environment
  (or external influence) from uniform to
  non-uniform.
• Make each part of an object work in the
  conditions that are most suitable for its
  operation.
• Make each part of an object fulfill a different
  and useful function.
• Example Non-uniform winding for uniform heating
• An infrared lamp heats a semiconductor wafer. The
  wafer edge cools more quickly making the
  temperature higher in the center. Can a uniform
  heating be achieved?
• The heater spiral is wound with more windings at
  its edges. This gives more heat at the edges than
  in the center, provides a uniform temperature
  over the entire surface of the wafer

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Transition from Technical to Physical
Contradiction
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Effects Physical, Chemical, Geometrical,
Biological
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Separation principle Space
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What does the Solution of Problem Mean? It Means
We Found a Way to Change Values of System
Parameters

• Chemical
• Deformation
• Electric field
• Electromagnetic wave and light
• Fluid
• Force, energy, and momentum
• Geometric
• Magnetic
• Mechanical and sound wave
• Motion and vibration
• Process
• Quantity
• Radioactivity
• Solid
• Surface
• Thermal