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Cytology The study of cells.

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Cytology The study of cells. Living Environment Created by Randecker & Offenbacher On 9/04 & 9/05 All living things are composed of cells. Prokaryote a cell ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cytology The study of cells.


1
Cytology The study of cells.
  • Living Environment
  • Created by
  • Randecker Offenbacher
  • On
  • 9/04 9/05

2
All living things are composed of cells.
  • Prokaryote a cell without organelles
  • Eukaryote cell with defined organelles
  • Unicellular - composed of one cell
  • Multicellular - composed of more than one cell.

3
Prokaryote Eukaryote
4
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5
Founding Fathers of Cytology
  • Leeuwenhoek- (1600s) made the first simple
    microscope. Magnifying glass. First to see
    bacteria, protozoa.

6
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7
  • Hooke- 1655 made compound microscope with two
    lenses. First to see cell in slices of cork.

8
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9
Brown- 1831 concluded that all plant cells
contain a nucleus.
10
  • Schleiden 1838- German botanist who concluded
    that all plants are made of cells.
  • Schwann 1839- German zoologist who concluded that
    all animal s are made of cells.
  • Virchow 1855 concluded that all cells arise from
    preexisting cells.

11
THE CELL THEORY
  • 1. All living things are made of cells. (basic
    structure).
  • 2. All cells carry out life functions. (basic
    function)
  • 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

12
EXCEPTIONS to the CELL THEORY
  • Where did the first cell come from?
  • 2. VIRUSES? Can reproduce inside a host but
    outside it shows no sign of life.
  • 3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain genetic
    material and can reproduce.

13
Levels of organization
  • Cell- basic unit of life.
  • Tissue- group of cells performing the same
    function. Lung tissue
  • Organs- group of tissues performing the same
    function. Lung, heart
  • Organ system- group of organs that perform the
    same function.ex. Respiratory system
  • Organism- group of organ systems working together.

14
Parts of a Cell
  • Ribosome- synthesis proteins
  • Nucleus- controls cell activity
  • Cell membrane- regulates what enters and leaves
    the cell
  • Mitochondria- carries out cellular respiration to
    release energy.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum- system of channels that
    transport materials.

15
  • Smooth ER- without ribosome
  • Rough ER- with embedded ribosome.
  • Lysosomes- digestive enzymes to break down
    substances.
  • Nucleolus synthesize ribosome.
  • Cytoplasm- liquid portion of the cell
  • Vacuoles storage bins of the cell.

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18
Differences between plant and animal cell
  • Animal-
  • No cell wall
  • Centrioles present
  • Many small vacuoles
  • No chloroplasts
  • Plant-
  • Cell wall
  • No centrioles
  • 1 Large vacuole (Tonoplast)
  • Chloroplast (chlorophyll)

19
Plant parts
  • Cell wall- rigid, made of cellulose and gives
    support and structure.
  • Chloroplasts- contain chlorophyll, photosynthetic
    organ
  • Tonoplast- large vacuole that gives plant
    support.

20
Smallest cell in the body
  • Granule Cell of the Cerebellum
  • 4um
  • Human sperm cell is 25um (with tail)

21
Smallest cell in the world
  • Prasinophyte algae
  • .8um

22
Largest cell in the body
  • Anterior Horn Cell in the spine
  • 135um
  • Human egg is 120um

23
Largest cell in the world
  • The egg from an ostrich
  • 15cm

24
How many cells are in the Human Body
  • Approximately 65 trillion cells make up the adult
    human body
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