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Pragmatics

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set of other words used in the same phrase or context ... Deictic Expressions. Can not be interpreted unless the physical context is known. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Pragmatics


1
Pragmatics
  • Interpreting what speakers mean

2
The Interpretation of Linguistic Messages
  • based on
  • knowledge of the meaning of the word
  • knowledge about the context
  • e.g. FALL BABY SALE

3
Context
  • linguistic context or co-text
  • set of other words used in the same phrase or
    context
  • physical context if the location will influence
    interpretation

4
Deictic Expressions
  • Can not be interpreted unless the physical
    context is known.
  • Examples here, there, this, that, then,
    yesterday, as well as most pronouns, such as
    I,you, him, her them

5
Presupposition
  • What a speaker assumes is true or known by the
    hearer
  • E.g. Your brother is waiting for you. ?
    obvious presupposition that you have a brother.

6
Speech Acts
  • Austin (1962), How to do things with words.
  • Actions such as requesting, informing,
    commanding, questioning
  • We use linguistic forms with the functions
    (speech acts)

7
locutionary meaning
  • speakers utterance

8
illocutionary force
  • speakers intention

9
perlocutionary impact
  • hearers reaction
  • E.g. ADo you smoke?
  • B Yes, thanks.
  • A I wasnt offering, just asking.

10
Grice (1975) The co-operative principle
  • 4 Maxims
  • quantity
  • quality
  • relation
  • manner

11
The co-operative principle
  • QUANTITY make your contribution as informative
    as required, but not more or less than required

12
The co-operative principle
  • QUALITY do not say which you believe to be false
    or for which you lack evidence

13
The co-operative principle
  • RELATION be relevant

14
The co-operative principle
  • MANNER be clear, brief and orderly
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