Small Animal and Caged Bird Medicine

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Small Animal and Caged Bird Medicine

• Heat Stroke and Physical Injuries
• Dr. Randy Ackman

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Heat Stroke

• Hyperthermia
• Elevation in body temperature above the normal
  range
• gt 103 F
• Pyrogenic
• Pyrexia and fever
• Hypothalamus set point elevated
• Interleukin I
• Signs of inflammation

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Heat Stroke

• Hyperthermia (cont)
• Non-pyrogenic
• Heat dissipating mechanisms of body cannot
  accommodate excess heat
• Hypothalamus set point not altered
• Leads multi-systemic organ failure
• gt106 w/o signs of inflammation
• gt109 critical temperature
• Cellular necrosis
• Hypoxemia
• Protein denaturalization
• SIRS Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

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Heat Stroke

• Heat Stoke
• Higher risk
• Long haired
• Dark colored
• Brachycephalic breeds
• Young and old
• History
• Warm day
• Locked in car
• Grooming accident

http//www.helpinganimals.com/phots/dogincar.jpg
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Heat Stroke

• Predisposing disease
• Cardiovascular disease
• Laryngeal paralysis
• Previous heat stroke incident
• Physical exam
• Panting
• Hypersalivation
• Hyperthermia
• Hyperemic mm
• Tachycardia
• /- arrhythmias
• Seizures
• Anuria/oliguria

http//www.uoguelph.ca/cardiol/26.JPG
http//www.jennycu.com/img/frankfurt/030607-dog-5.
jpg
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Heat Stroke

• Treatment
• External cooling techniques
• Spray or immerse in water
• Not cold
• Convection cooling
• Fans
• Rubbing alcohol on foot pads
• Evaporative cooling
• Cool to 103
• Supportive
• IV fluids
• Oxygen
• Avoid ice and shivering

http//www.fredhassen.com/images/gallery/Dogsittin
gwater.jpg
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Degloving

• De gloving injuries
• Skin and underlying tissue loosened from
  underlying structures
• Distal limbs
• Mandible
• Tail

http//littlecrittersvet.com/ipw-web/gallery/vetme
d
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Stages of Wound Healing

• Inflammatory Stage
• Immediate attempt to regain homeostasis
• Hemostasis
• Inflammation
• Immune response
• Proliferative
• Granulation tissue
• New blood vessels
• Fibroblasts create more collagen
• Remodeling
• Changing the shape of the wound
• Becomes stronger
• Scar

http//www.innovet.it/reactive/comunicazioni/repy.
poster/repyposter.html
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Debridement

• Removal of devitalized tissue
• Epithelium only migrate over viable tissue
• Removes infectious agents
• Removes sources of contamination
• Not sterile
• Only healthy tissue left
• Surgical
• Mechanical
• Enzymatic agents

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Debridement

• Wound Lavage
• 35-60 mL syringe
• 18 gauge needle
• Water Pik
• 1-2 iodine solution
• Inactivated by blood
• 0.05 chlorhexidine
• Higher concentrations irritating
• Peroxide
• Use on time
• Delays healing

http//www.vitalitymedical.com/picxl/KND8881560125
.jpg
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Injuries

• Concussion
• Jarring to the head with or without the loss of
  consciousness
• Contusion
• Injury to the skin where the skin is not borken
• Abrasion
• The wearing down or rubbing away or removal of
  the superficial layers of skin or mucous membrane
  in a limited area.
• Laceration
• Full thickness tear of the skin

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http//www.avte.net/AVTE2003/contents/clinical20d
iseases/small20animal/cd_tail_inj2.jpg
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Penrose Drains

• Penrose drains
• Allows fluid an escape path
• Fluid exudate favors infection
• Soft latex rubber
• Gravity flow
• Capillary flow
• Leave in 3-5 days
• Not part of incision

http//www.alfamedic.com.hk/products/images/medium
/000000330_0.jpg
http//www.avte.net/AVTE2003/contents/clinical20d
iseases/small20animal/cd_penrose_drain_cat.jpg
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Bandage

• Primary layer
• Rests on wound
• Secondary layer
• Padding and absorbency
• Tertiary layer
• Secures underlying layers

• Dry to Dry bandage
• Painful to remove
• Not used as often
• Primary layer dry over wound
• Wet to Dry bandage
• Primary layer applied wet
• Saline
• Chlorhexidine
• Remove exudate and foreign material