Title: FLOOD DISASTERS IN TURKEY A Case Study: RECENT FLOOD DISASTERS AT NORTH WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION OF
1FLOOD DISASTERS IN TURKEY A Case Study
RECENT FLOOD DISASTERS AT NORTH WESTERN BLACK
SEA REGION OF TURKEY
BALWOIS CONFERENCE ON WATER AND INFORMATION
SYSTEM FOR DECISION SUPPORT 25-29 May 2004
Ohrid, Macedonia
- Ibrahim GURER
- Professor, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Hamza OZGULER
- Hydrological Expert, State Hydraulic Works (DSI),
Ankara, Turkey
2representation of flood causes
Source TEFER Project Document
damage level
3Meteorological causes of floods in Turkey
- heavy rainfall on the costal areas of the
northern, southern and western parts of Anatolia - a sudden increase in air temperature, resulting
in snow melt in the eastern and mountainous part
of southeastern Anatolia
22 floods and 19 deaths per year on average
4Social causes of floods
- unsuitable planning and mismanagement practice.
- selection of flood-exposed sites for industrial
and settlement purposes
- deforestation has left many steep hillsides
bare, causing landslides - growing population pressures have led many
people to settle on vulnerable flood plains and
hillsides.
Bartin, 1998
5Flood management measures in Turkey
- Structural protection measures against flood
control - reforestation land improvement
- multi-purpose reservoirs
- dikes
- levees
- channel improvements
- other river training structures
- As non-structural measures
- real time data collection
- early flood warning systems
- education and information transfer
6Administrative structure in flood management
7The case studyflood in Black Sea region (19-21
May 1998)
- life loss (30 people),
- damage to major infrastructures
- a lot of settlements, many buildings (500
houses) and substructures (1900 kms of highways
and the 103 bridges, 6900 culverts, 13800 m
retaining wall) - agricultural land areas (35000 km2) were flooded.
8the hydro-meteorological characteristics of
flood, 19-21 May 1998
av 60 mm
rainfall
June
April
May
flood of 19-21 May 1998 duration 3
days total 160 mm
460 m3/s
Run-off
9Physical features of the flood prone region
- Most of the drainage areas of the rivers in the
project area - are featured by short main courses,
- their steep slopes
- the tributaries have river bed slope bigger than
2 at upper reaches. - the large amount of erosion and debris materails
dragged by the flowing water and deposited in the
flatter low lying areas. - the main use of the water in the region is for
irrigation. At the outlet of the rivers to the
Black Sea, there is limited navigational use.
10Non-structural solution for the case study area
TEFER (Turkey Emergency Flood and
Earthquake Recovery)
real time hydrometric data
hydrologic organization (DSI)
flood warning
radar weather data
meteorological organization (DMI)
11System components of TEFER
129 automatic real-time hydrometric, 206
automatic real-time meteorological and 3 radar
stations (Doppler)
12Flood management coverage areas in TEFER
(I. Phase 1999 - 2004)
(II. Phase 2004 - 2008)
13Conclusions
- Experiences gained show that structural measures
are effective but too costly in reducing the risk
of flood damages. - More importance should be given to non-structural
measures, - modification of traditional land use,
- updating building code guidelines and design
standards, - early flood warning system based on real time
data collection, - insurance and re-insurance in flood disasters
- timely and effective emergency management
supported by scientific and technical information
needed for lowering the life and property losses
- to support research activities in this area
- to disseminate the existing experiences and new
techniques among the related people, so creation
of public awareness
14Thank you for your attention.