Lysosomes are digestive compartments' - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lysosomes are digestive compartments'

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Tay-Sachs disease - lack enzymes that digest lipids ... Contractile vacuoles. Plant vacuoles. Plant vacuole. Storage. Proteins in seeds ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Lysosomes are digestive compartments'


1
Lysosomes are digestive compartments.
2
Lysosomes
  • Phagocytosis - Digesting food
  • Digesting damaged organelles
  • Development
  • Function at pH 5

3
Phagocytosis
Digested products released
Fuses with lysosome
Food vacuole
Taken up
Food particle
4
Digestion of Damaged Organelles
5
Lysosome Syntheses
Released
Packaged in a vesicle
Transported to Golgi
Enzymes Synthesized in Rough ER
6
Lysosomes and Disease
  • Tay-Sachs disease - lack enzymes that digest
    lipids
  • Pompes disease - lack enzymes that digest
    glycogen

7
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8
Vacuoles - Cell Maintenance
  • Food vacuoles
  • Contractile vacuoles
  • Plant vacuoles

9
Plant vacuole
  • Storage
  • Proteins in seeds
  • Potassium and chloride ions
  • Waste products
  • Plant growth
  • Contain colored pigments
  • Protection - poisonous substances

10
Relationships Among Endomembranes
11
Other Organelles
  • Microbodies
  • Energy-transforming organelles
  • Mitochondria - respiration
  • Chloroplasts - photosynthesis

12
Peroxisomes
  • React with oxygen and produce hydrogen peroxide
    later break down hydrogen peroxide
  • Liver - detoxify alcohol
  • Fat metabolism

13
Mitochondria
Power house of the cell - Respiration - ATP
Double-membraned organelle
14
Chloroplasts
  • Photosynthesis - absorb light--gtglucose
  • Double-membraned organelle

15
Endosymbiosis
  • Mitochondria and chloroplasts may have once been
    free-living
  • and were swallowed by other organisms.

16
Endosymbiosis
17
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18
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19
Endosymbiosis
  • Evidence for
  • Double membrane systems
  • Have DNA ribosomes
  • Can synthesize some proteins
  • Evidence against
  • Can not synthesize all proteins

20
Why are cells microscopic? - surface to volume
ratio
21
Next step - multicellularity
  • Allows greater size of organisms
  • Allows cell specialization
  • But ---

22
New Challenges
  • Differentiation development
  • Communication
  • Hormones
  • Nervous system

23
Specialized Cells - Red Blood Cell
24
Nerve cell
25
Muscle
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