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Chapter 18 Human Growth and Development

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Growth increase in physical dimensions. Development behavioral ... Climacteric. Menopause -12 months without flow. Developmental task: generativity ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter 18 Human Growth and Development


1
Chapter 18Human Growth and Development
  • Developed by
  • Claudette Doyne, MSN, RN
  • Reviewed by
  • Marcia A. Miller Cutler, Ed.Dc, MSN, RN

2
Scientific Knowledge Base
  • Growth increase in physical dimensions
  • Development behavioral adaptation to
    environment
  • Maturation biological plan for growth and
    development
  • Critical period of development

3
Theories of Human Development
  • Maslow hierarchy of needs
  • Freud psychosexual development
  • Erikson psychosocial development
  • Piaget logical and cognitive development
  • Kohlberg moral reasoning
  • Gilligan attachment/ female development
  • See page 437-438, table

4
Nursing Knowledge Base
  • Conception and fetal development
  • First trimester first 3 months
  • Essential organ systems development
  • Second trimester 3 to 6 months
  • Organ systems complete
  • Third trimester 6 to 9 months
  • CNS development
  • Health promotion teratogens

5
Neonate
  • First 28 days of life
  • Cognitive development
  • Innate behaviors, reflexes, sensory functions
  • Health promotion
  • Sleeping on back or sides
  • Immature immune system

6
Infant
  • First 12 months of life
  • Triple birth weight by 12 mos.
  • Fine motor development
  • Health Promotion
  • Immunization
  • Teeth eruption
  • Nutrition
  • Safety leading cause of death, accidents

7
Toddler
  • Age 12 to 36 months
  • Rapid development of motor skills
  • Walking, feeding, dressing, toileting
  • Learn to talk
  • Egocentric
  • Parallel play
  • Associative play

8
Toddler continued
  • Health Promotion
  • Nutrition less growth, less appetite
  • Toilet training
  • Ability to control anal and urethral sphincters
  • Recognize urge
  • Letting go and holding on at appropriate times to
    please parent
  • Safety leading cause of death, accidents

9
Preschool Child
  • Ages 3 to 6 years
  • Physical development slows
  • Cognitive and psychosocial development
    accelerates
  • Solve problems intuitively
  • Great imagination
  • Reason from general to particular

10
Health Promotion/Preschool
  • Role modeling for good eating habits, hygiene
  • Accidents major cause of death- MVA
  • Safety teaching
  • Fire
  • Car
  • Bikes, helmets

11
School-Age Child
  • Foundation for adult roles
  • Physical, cognitive, psychosocial development
  • Fine motor skills
  • age of loose tooth secondary teeth come in
  • Peer influence increases

12
Health Promotion
  • Accidents and injuries major cause of death
  • Blood pressure elevation predictor of adult
    hypertension
  • Exercise and maintaining weight key to preventing
    illness later in life

13
Preadolescent
  • Transitional period childhood to adolescence
  • Age 10 to 12 years
  • Physically second skeletal growth spurt
  • Behavior less predictable

14
Adolescent
  • Age 13 to 18 years (hopefully!!)
  • Adolescence psychological maturation
  • Puberty reproduction possible
  • Girls reach 90 of adult height by menarche
  • Boys growth spurt 10 and 16 years continue to
    grow taller until 18 to 20 yrs.

15
Puberty
  • Achieve sexual identity
  • Physical changes of puberty
  • Develop moral judgment
  • Search for personal identity major task
  • Language development complete

16
Health Promotion
  • Major cause of death injuries, homicide, suicide
  • MVAs, pregnancy, STDs, substance abuse major
    cause of morbidity
  • Females eating disorders, emotional distress
  • School-based health services should be readily
    available

17
Health Promotion cont.
  • Substance abuse assessments by nurse
  • Suicide teach warning signs to parents,
    teachers, teens page-446
  • Prevention of STDs and pregnancy
  • s/s of both
  • Acute Care dependency, privacy, control, pain

18
Young Adult
  • Age 18 to 40 years old
  • Physical growth complete
  • Life experiences influence ability to learn,
    problem solve
  • Choose lifes work and mate during this time

19
Health Promotion
  • Routine health screenings
  • Major cause of death violence-MVA, homicide,
    suicide
  • Occupational risk factors
  • Injuries
  • Illnesses later in life
  • STRESS !!!!

20
Middle-age Adult
  • Ages 40 to 65 years
  • Physiological changes/ table p449
  • Climacteric
  • Menopause -12 months without flow
  • Developmental task generativity
  • Career and family changes

21
Health Promotion
  • Stress-related illnesses
  • Heart attacks, hypertension, cancer
  • Leading causes of death heart disease,
    cancer,stroke,COPD, accidental injuries
  • Health screenings/ page 450

22
Older adult
  • Age- above 65 years
  • Geriatrics physiology and psychology of aging
  • Gerontology study of the aging process and its
    consequences
  • Normal physical changes/ page 451
  • Dementia
  • Alzheimers disease

23
Older adult cont.
  • Psychosocial development
  • Death
  • reminiscence
  • Aloneness and loneliness
  • Housing and environment
  • Social role changes

24
Health Promotion
  • Continue regular check-ups
  • Life style modification due to disease process
  • Hypertension, CAD( leading cause of death)
  • Low salt, low fat diet
  • Diabetes
  • Stop smoking
  • Dental problems
  • Polypharmacy
  • Reality orientation

25
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