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Ciudadana, Polticas Pblicas y Globalizacin

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Title: Ciudadana, Polticas Pblicas y Globalizacin


1
WOMEN IN SCIENCES
Dr. Lilliam Alvarez Diaz, Director of
Sciences,Cuban Ministry of Science, Technology
and EnvironmentE-mail lilliam_at_citma.cu
2
Are we visible ?Or invisibles ?
3
Sólo 3 mujeres en el Simposium Latinoamericano de
Física de las Altas Energías año 2000 !!!
4
  • UNESCO World Conference on Science, held in
    Budapest in June 1999, was a crucial moment in
    the organization of an Action Plan and
    sensitizing the decision makers and authorities
    in the more urgent problems enfacing women in
    Science and Technology, especially in the Third
    World.
  • (Women in Sciences in Latin America assisted with
    well preparation and awarenesssince UNESCO
    Bariloche Meeting in 1998)
  • In Budapest, the speeches in the Main Hall
    pronounced by Lydia Makhubu and Rosa Elena
    Simeon, (the sadly lost Minister of Science and
    Technology of Cuba), were very impressive and
    left prepared the participants for the panels in
    the subsequent days.

5
  • The lack of participation of Women
  • in politics, in the socio-economical and cultural
    development, in ST, necessarily Delay
  • The societies maintaining inequities

6
  • Because Women are not a minority
  • We are the half of the Humankind
  • And the Mothers of the other half !

7
Some figures
  • 3/5 parts of the poorest people of the world are
    women and girls
  • 70 of the 130 millions of non-studying persons
    in the world are girls
  • 2/3 parts of the 960 millions of illiterates in
    the world are women

8
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9
  • Richest countries, having les of the 20 of the
    world population
  • Execute more than the 80 of the funds for RD
  • Publish the 85 of the scientific papers
  • Are owners of around the 90 of the patents
  • By other hand, 1/3 of the graduated students (men
    or women ), finishing the careers in the the
    third world do not work for the development of
    our countries

10
In addition, we have Gender bias in Science
teaching !

11
  • By failing to encourage women to pursue careers
    in Physics, as well as men, the world wastes a
    substantial portion of its talent and severely
    limits womens potential contributions.
  • Participation of women in all spheres of society
    and in particular in fields such as science, has
    enormous implications not only for women
    themselves, but for the whole of our societies.
    Such participation is also very important in
    shaping the future of our countries.
  • The influence of role models is crucial. Efforts
    must be made to provide more women as mentors for
    younger women scientists during the early stages
    of their careers, or even as early as during
    their period of training.
  • Being pro-active is the only way to change the
    current situation and to correct biases and
    thus promote greater participation of women in
    Sciences in the future.

12
BUDAPEST 10
  • Which have been the advancements??
  • Are they enough ?
  • Can we be satisfied ?
  • Let us remember the text of the
  • ACTION PLAN
  • related to WOMEN IN SCIENCES.

13
  • Some of the main items approved in the Action
    Plan were the following
  • Government agencies, international organizations
    and universities and research institutions should
    ensure the full participation of women in the
    PLANNING, ORIENTATION, CONDUCT AND ASSESMENT OF
    RESEARCH ACTIVITIES.
  • It is necessary that women participate actively
    in SHAPING THE AGENDA FOR FUTURE DIRECTION OF
    SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.
  • All countries should contribute to the collection
    of reliable data, in an internationally
    standarized manner, for the generation of
    gender-disaggregated statistics on ST,
  • Governments and educational institutions should
    identify and eliminate, from early learning
    stages on, educational practices that have a
    discriminatory effect, so as to increase the
    successful participation in science of
    individuals from all sectors of society,
    including disadvantaged groups

14
  • The foundation of the UNESCO Cathedra for Women
    in Science and Technology in Latin America,
    directed by Gloria Bonder from Argentina was a
    very important step, in particular the developing
    of Research Projects with the participation of
    many countries of the Region, authorities of ST,
    (men or women), establishing tendencies,
    identifying stereotypes, common perceptions, etc.
  • Certainly, there have been two main causes one
    is a the difficulties in the electronic
    communication which has been intermittent,the
    other one
  • In general in the Region, Latin America and the
    Caribbean persists the lack of financial support
    to organize joint meetings, projects,
    publications or fellowships for young women
    scientists.

15
WOMEN IN LAC Common problems
  • In our countries, work force is still almost
    entirely sex-segregated, i.e., most occupations
    are either predominantly female or predominantly
    female. In a pallid way (and there are some
    representatives), some occupational barriers have
    fallen but in general, in the Caribbean Region
    women are clustered to jobs that demand service,
    patience, subordination status, and in general
    jobs with low salaries and little chance of
    advancements,( pink-collar ghetto).
  • The Glass-ceiling phenomena is also present in
    women doing hard Sciences in the Caribbean they
    do not access to decision positions.
  • Each one is consequence of others. That means, if
    we have in the Region poor representation of
    women in decision levels, that is consequence of
    stereotypes, occupational segregation, gender
    bias in the education, etc.
  • Obviously, some of the referred problems are
    intrinsically gender issues, not related to the
    economical situation of each country but with
    historical assumptions of an androcentric world.

16
  • In LAC in this 10 years in different Workshops,
    Conferences, fruitful debates and studies the
    following problems can be identified, which are
    common to women pursuing careers in science and
    technology
  • Leadership Problems.
  • Under-Representation of Women at Decision-Making
    Levels.
  • Occupational Segregation.
  • Tendency to Medical/Health Sciences and Education
    which are Traditional Vestiges.
  • Under Representation of Women In Basic Sciences
    as Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy (except
    Chemistry).
  • Migration and brain drain (common for males and
    females for all the Third World).
  • Stereotypes.
  • Gender Bias in Text Books for all Levels and in
    Scientific Vocabulary and Scientific Literature.

17

The Cuban experience
18
  • In 1959, the triumph of the Cuban
    Revolution found
  • 600 00 children without schools
  • 10 00 teachers without classrooms
  • Emigration outside of Cuba of a big number of
    physicians and professionals
  • Women and girls received more directly the
    impact of the poor economy

19
Defining Development and Progress
  • Recovering the Human Dignity
  • Cultural Identity
  • Institutional Organization
  • Ecological Sustainability
  • Including Women in the social life
  • Eliminating all kind of Racism
  • Literacy
  • Food
  • Health Care
  • Education
  • Housing
  • Social Commitment of Scientists
  • Social Appropriation of ST
  • Citizens with a general integral Culture

20
Concrete Actions
  • Teaching Reform, 1961
  • Private School interventions Public
    Schools
  • Campaign against Illiteracy in 1961
  • Major Female participation
  • 59 of the voluntary young teachers were
    women
  • 55 of the people learning to read and write
    were women
  • Cuban Women Federation, FMC, played a decisive
    role recovering the dignity of Cuban women,
    involving them in all the same activities as men,
    with complete access to the labor life.
  • The FMC founded the Children Garden and new
    Schools having lunch included. These were
    definite steps in adding the women force to the
    construction of a new society.
  • The Pregnancy Law and the Family Code

21
FOUNDATIONS OF THE CUBAN SCIENTIFIC POLICY
  • DEVELOPMENT OF OUR OWN HUMAN POTENTIAL,
    (OPENNING OPORTUNITIES FOR ALL, TALENTED GIRLS
    AND BOYS)
  • FOSTERING THE CUBAN SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL
    DEVELOPMENT

22
CUBAN SCIENCE
  • TODAY
  • 1,21 GDP DEVOTED TO ST ACTIVITIES
  • 1,15 RESEARCHERS AND ENGINEERS PER THOUSAND
    PERSONS OF THE LABOUR FORCE

23
  • Cuba, has been recently catalogued, by the UNDP,
    as a country having
  • High Human Development Index
  • and this fact has been possible only for the
    permanent political will and investments in ST
    and a network of Research institutions working in
    the main priorities of the country Food
    productions, Health, Biotechnology, Renewable
    Energies, Natural Sciences, Environment, Natural
    disasters and Climate changes, Basic Sciences,
    Social Sciences, and Technologies for information
    and communication
  • AND HAVING HIGH INDEXES OF WOMEN INCLUSION

24
  • CUBA TODAY
  • 217 INSTITUTIONS DEVOTED TO ST ,
  • (with more than 50 000 researchers in RD),
  • 115 ARE RESEARCH INSTITUTES
  • 63 CENTERS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, disseminated in
    all the provinces,
  • More than 3 000 Faculties of Universities in 169
    Municipalities in the Island.
  • 11 million of inhabitants

25
36 Institutions devoted to Biotechnology
IDiC Scientific Pole of West Havana
CIGB
CENIC
CIM
I. FINLAY
IPK
CIE
CNB
CENSA
CIREN
26
ECONOMICAL IMPACTS OF THE CUBAN SCIENCE SYSTEM
  • GROWING OF THE NEW PRODUCTS OF SCIENCE AND
    TECHNOLOGY
  • GROWING OF PRODUCTS TO SUBSTITUTE IMPORTING
    ISSUES, SUCH AS PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS,
    VACCINES, FOODS, OIL, ETC.

27
NEW RESULTSRELEVANTS FOR THE CUBAN HEALTH CARE
SHYSTEM
  • NEW Haemóphilus Vaccine
  • NEW Biotechnological Products
  • Monoclonal AntiBody egf-R3

28
IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM OF VACCINATION
29
  • 89,7 of effectiveness in the meteorological
    forecasting
  • Sistematical Sismological Monitoring

PRIORIZED SERVICES
30
WOMEN IN SCIENCES IN CUBA
31
CUBA TODAY
INDEXES OF FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN PRIORIZED
PROGRAMS AEREA OF TECHNICAL FORCE
OF LEADERSHIP HEALTH
79,9
35,8 EDUCATION 70,2
48,6 TOURISM
52,0
25,0 SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY 65,3
26,1 SUGAR AGRO-INDUSTRY 33,9
10,5 AGRICULTURE
32, 6
11,6 COPERATIVE SECTOR 28,2
14,4
32
Being visibleCOMMISSION OF WOMEN IN SCIENCES
  • In Cuba, The Commission of Women in Sciences in
    the Cuban Academy of Sciences was founded as the
    TWOWS National Chapter in June 2000. The Chapter,
    together with a Section of Women in Sciences
    belonging to the Cuban Academy of Sciences has
    until now 120 members.
  • Cuban women in Physics have been especially
    active, participating and organizing Conferences,
    Round Tables, etc, in different Universities,
    Scientific institutions and Internationa
    activities as IUPAP Meeting for Women in Physics.
    Some of them as have developed a strong activity,
    studying and popularizing the gender issues.
  • In Cuba, an Annual Prize was created to stimulate
    5 of the best scientific results having a woman
    as first author. The prizes are dedicated to the
    branches of Exact and Natural Sciences,
    Biomedicine, Agricultural Sciences, Social
    Sciences, and Technical Sciences and Engineering.
    The Women in Science Prizes are selected from the
    basis of the National Awards of the Cuban Academy
    of Sciences, guaranteeing a rigorous scientific
    analysis.
  • Since 2003 was founded, in coordination with the
    Sofia Kovalievskaia Foundation, directed by the
    prestigious personalities of USA, Ann and Neal
    Koblitz, an Award every two years, for the best
    three works in Basic Sciences directed by Cuban
    women. This year, March 2009, we celebrated the
    Fourth Edition of the Award.

33
  • Caribbean Academy of Sciences (CAS) Conference
    held in Guadaloupe in 2000 and in Havana in 2001,
    were good opportunities to joint women doing
    sciences in the Caribbean and interested in
    gender issues.
  • This action opened the idea and the financial
    support of CAS for organizing, in Trinidad and
    Tobago the Conference on Key issues facing women
    in Science in the Caribbean held from 29th April
    to 2nd May, 2001, and were many of us had the
    possibility to joint information, with a paper as
    a result titled Preliminary remarks on the
    situation of women in science and technology in
    the Caribbean by Lilliam Alvarez, Veronica
    Broomes, Grace Sirju-Charran and Rinia
    Doelhalasori.
  • Some young Cuban women scientists were
    recommended to participate in some Conferences
    and also to support some fellowship proposal. One
    of the more relevant was the participation of one
    theoretical physicist in a short term training in
    Fermilab in USA, supported by the APS.
  • The Conferences of the International Union for
    Pure and Applied Physics on Women are celebrated
    every two years and some physicists from Latin
    American countries have obtained funds to
    participate, especially from Brasil, Argentina,
    Mexico, Colombia and Cuba, many of them TWOWS
    members. We had the opportunity to debate our
    problems and to compare different points of views
    with European and North-American women in Physics.

34
IBEROAMERICAN CONFERENCES ST AND GENDER
  • FOUNDED BY EULALIA PEREZ SEDENO, CONSUELO MIQUEO,
    MARI LIRES.AND MANY OTHER HIGHLY RECOGNIZED
    SPANISH SCIENTISTS
  • I 4TH EDTIONS HELD IN SAPAIN
  • Especial reference deserves the V CONGRESO
    IBEROAMERICANO DE CIENCIA, TECNOLOGÍA Y GÉNERO,
    held in Mexico City, on February 2004. the
    coordinator and main organizer and promoting
    person was Dra. Norma Blazquez The Congress was
    developed en the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
    México (UNAM), with the purpose of joining those
    persons in Iberoamerica working or interested in
    themes related with ST from a Gender
    perspective.
  • 7TH EDITION HEL IN HAVANA, CUBA IN 2008.
  • The objective was to analyze the current
    situation of women in the Science and Technology
    Systems in Latin America and Spain, to explore
    the negative consequences that could cause the
    exclusion of gender issues in the practices,
    contents, organization and future strategies.
    Also, the Conference has the purpose of promoting
    equitative presence of women in all levels.
  • THE NEXT EDITION WILL TAKE PLACE IN
    CURITIBA-BRAZIL, APRIL 2010.

35
WOMEN IN SCIENCES The Caribbean Jamaica,
Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Dominican
Republic, Bermudas.
36
The Caribbean
  • It is necessary to recall that, concentrating the
    analysis in the Caribbean Region, big gaps appear
    in the socio-economics conditions of our small
    countries, going from Mexico and Cuba to Central
    America countries (except Costa Rica, maybe) and
    Haiti as the extreme cases.
  • Cuba exhibits the best situation in the
    subjective aspects, and in this sense already has
    a long distance ahead its neighbors. However
    women in sciences still face serious economical
    troubles, in their everyday and scientific lives.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is in a better economical
    situation, but still prevail big economical
    inequities and many subjective and subjacent
    andocentric and pre-conceived assumptions.
  • Mayra de la Torres recently has appointed her
    observation In Jamaica a Program is needed to
    call BOYS to study SCIENCESbut prevails the
    discrimination of women in all spheres of the
    society.

37
  • Individual Caribbean WOMEN IN SCIENCES in the
    last 10 years, have been very active promoting
    gender issues in their countries. We have had
    very good reference on the work of Helen Asemota
    and other colleagues form the University of West
    Indies, Mona Campus.
  • Through the Caribbean Academy of Sciences, we
    could have contact with women in Trinidad and
    Tobago and Guyana, as Grace Sirju-Charran and
    Veronica Broomes, having the possibility to
    study some statistics and to discuss common
    problems facing women doing Sciences in the
    Caribbean as the followings leadership problems,
    Tendency of girls to Med Sciences and Education
    as traditional vestiges, under representation of
    women in basic sciences as Mathematics, Physics,
    migration and brain drain (common for males and
    females for all the Third World), under
    representation of women in scientific decision
    levels, gender bias in the text books in all
    levels and in the scientific vocabulary and
    scientific literature, masculinity of Science,
    stereotypes (masculine to be a good scientist,
    masculine to be good head of department,
    masculine to be a good Dean, to be a good
    chief!) pour Science Education in basic sciences
    in Primary and Secondary levels, (Cuba is an
    exception in this point), occupational
    segregation.

38
THE THIRD WORLD ORGANIZATION FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE
(TWOWS)Promoting Womens Participation and
Contribution to Science in Developing Countries
  • From the Latin American and Caribbean Report
  • Since Budapest 1999, an important step was the
    organization of the TWOWS National Chapters in
    our countries. This task was difficult to
    organize, because of different causes. The
    activism of the members was required and not in
    every case was a successful project.

.Talent is the duty to employ it in benefit of
the homeless José Martí Cuban Hero
Bangalore, India, November 2005
39
  • TWOWS NATIONAL CHAPTERS MUST BE RE-VITALIZAED
  • TWAS AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL BODIES FOR ST
    REQUIRE TO BE ENGENDERED, (TWAS- nowadayslt 10
    OF MEMBERSHIP),
  • Other Academies ?, IAP, IANAS, ..Councils ?..
  • ...Cuban Academy of Sciences has 28 of Women
    in its membership..2 women in the Council.(10
    members..)

40
TASK FORCE WORKING DOCUMENT GENDER,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD
PRIORITIES FOR SOUTH-SOUTH AND NORTH-SOUTH
COOPERATION Prepared byProf. Dr. Farida
Shah and Dr. Lilliam Alvarez(Malaysia)

(Cuba)
MEXICO, 2008, REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE
FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE
41

REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN IN
SCIENCE
  • PROPOSAL FOR A TWAS STRATEGIC PLAN
  • The recommendations to TWAS Council on policy
    issues and strategies related to Empowering women
    in ST in the developing world propose that
  • A framework should be defined on how the standing
    committee can implement its programs and
    projects.
  • A framework should be defined on how TWAS can
    assist TWOWS Strategic Plan 2009.
  • Realistic funds and resource mobilization
    strategies for pursuing some of the programs
    listed below.
  • Programs be organized under the broad headings
    as listed below with various projects to be
  • undertaken by TWAS, TWOWS or together

42
  • Research projects
  • A main theme of research which will foster
    collaboration between TWOWS regional members
  • Research Programs for
  • Regional or National benefit
  • such as
  • Womens Health and Reproductive health ,
  • Women and Menopause,
  • Traditional medicine and nutraceuticals for TWOWS
    members
  • LOCAL Development

REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN IN
SCIENCE
43
ACTIONS TO INCREASE THE VISIBILITY
  • Multiplying the efforts, (up to now we have been
    individuals or few groups in the promotion and
    calling the attention)
  • Working with MEDIA - Radio, Television,
    Newspapers.
  • A MASSIVE CAMPAIGN FOR WOMEN IN SCIENCE IS
    NEEDED

44

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
  • To organize Workshops on
  • "Best Practices in the Promotion of Women in
    Science and Technology".
  • These events could be very useful for comparing
    strategies, as well as developing new tools for
    possible implementation by governments,
    universities, industry, and academia.

45

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
  • Career development/Training programs /leadership
    training
  • In order to prepare the next  generation of Women
    in sciences leaders, it is possible to propose  a
    5-year project, 
  • "Young Women
    Leaders",
  • where some women selected from different
    parts of the world will be mentored  and prepared
    to take leading positions
  • To design and organize
  • Mentorship
    Programs.
  • Pivotal to the strong participation of women
    in ST is the existence of strong mentorship
    programs, whereby young women professors,
    researchers in government or industries as
    mentors who they could go to regularly for
    advice/counsel.
  • A great problem worldwide is the RETENTION of
    women scientists and engineers, and mentorship is
    often a successful tool to career pursuit and
    development.

46

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
  • Career development/Training programs /leadership
    training
  • To find mechanisms to ensure and monitor that
    women and girls are not excluded from ST
    activities throughout the developing world
  • To develop the capacity of institutions,
    organizations and agencies involved in ST for
    developing activities and to collect gender
    disaggregated data , documenting constraints and
    progress in expanding the role of women in
    science and technology in the developing world.

47

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
  • Education/ Awareness Programs
  • To organize, design and formalize plans
  • to publish profiles of successful women
    scientists in the developing world
  • as role models for the young generation and
    distribute the information worldwide
  • To design effective Programs to support and
    encourage talented young female scientists.

48
  • Networking South-South and
  • South-North Cooperation
  • a Portal for
  • Network and a Virtual community
  • for Women in Sciences, in ICSU, IANAS, IAP, TWAS
    website, within which all the regional websites
    of TWOWS National Chapters and other Cathedras,
    Organizations, Institutions for Science, Tech and
    Gender can be hyperlinked.
  • To utilize structures, policies, regulatory
    frameworks, explicit and tacit intellectual
    knowledge, activities and relationships among
    NGOs, international organizations, the public and
    private institutions, infrastructures and
    industries throughout the developing world,
    working together to contribute towards the
    utilization of ST for the development, the
    identification of ST projects with gender
    perspectives and the implementation and
    monitoring the socio-economical impacts of these
    initiatives.

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
49

Networking South-South and South- North
Cooperation Mailing lists and emails will be
used to facilitate these activities. The
approach will seek to develop viable and
practical resource mobilization strategies by
working closely with international donors and
foundations, the private sector and NGOs. To
recommend Programs that promote South-South
cooperation and organization of regional
meetings and workshops on gender issues in
Science Technology, including exchanges on
achievements of women scientists. To support
South-South and South-North Exchange for
Lectureship Programs of Relevant Scientific
women living in the developing countries.
50
  • Increasing participation of women at decision
    making levels
  • To recommend that a Canvassing Committee of 6-9
    members, (women and men), be established to
    aggressively seek nominations of
  • Meritorious Women of the developing world for
    membership in TWAS. 
  • This is key to enhancing the proportion of women
    members in TWAS
  • To identify women scientists who successfully
    reached high level leadership positions in
    academic, government or private sector Task
    Force to advise IAP, ICSU, IANAS, TWAS, National
    Acadmies !!! to pay more attention to increasing
    women in its membership
  • by identifying those leading women scientists

51

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
  • To promote and to adopt a nonsexist, inclusive
    language policy
  • to cover all written and verbal communications.
  • Screen and edit curricula materials for gender
    bias.
  • To promote the identification and
  • fight against subtle forms of discrimination
  • against women in science and technology.
  • The more difficult it is to prove discriminatory
    practices, the much harder it is to deal with and
    remedy these situations.

52
  • Presentation of Awards
  • To establish Annual REGIONAL, AMERICAN,
    LATINAMERICAN, CARIBBEAN Awards
  • one for the Outstanding Woman Researcher in the
    developing world and another for Young Women
    doing sciences in the developing world. The
    awards should be named after women from the
    South, no longer alive, who have made great
    contributions to their fields.
  • To propose promotion for prizes similar to that
    of the LOREAL UNESCO five annual prizes for
    women in science all over the world, the Clara
    Benson Award, given annually to an outstanding
    woman in Chemistry in Canada, the Awards of the
    Kovalievskaia Foundation, etc

SOME IDEAS FOR MORE VISIBILITY OF WOMEN IN
SCIENCES.
53

REPORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE FOR WOMEN IN
SCIENCE
PROPOSAL OF ACTION PLAN 2009- 2010
  • FOR LATIN AMERICA, THE CARIBBEAN AND AFRICA, TO
    ORGANIZE TWO WORKSHOPS
  • Tanzania, January , 2010 Young African women
    sharing experiences
  • Curitiba, Brazil, April, 2010 VIII
    IBEROAMERICAN CONGRESS FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
    AND GENDER

54
DECIDED- TWAS-TWOWS JOINT PROJECTS - Young
Women Scientist Workshops - Compilation of Top
Women in ST in the Developing World -
TWAS_TWOWS PORTAL- Web - Site - Awards for Young
Women - Support for Active National Chapters -
Organization of a successful Fourth TWOWS General
Assembly in Beijing - June, 2010
TWAS ADVISORY BOARD TWOWS EXECUTIVE
BOARD (Trieste, March, 2009.)
55
Concluding facts
  • BUDAPEST 10
  • The lack of allocation of government and
    international funds to develop and maintain our
    work of promotion of girls and women in sciences
  • has been the Aquiles talon, of our job and
    responsibilities.
  • BUT BEYOND OF THAT,
  • WE NEED THE INTEGRATION OF ALL OF US,
  • Joining actions not splitting funds.

56

IT IS TIME TO RECOGNIZE THE OBVIOUS SCIENCE
LOOSES A HIGH POTENTIAL NOT INCLUDING MORE WOMEN
IN RD COUNTRIES CAN NOT ASPIRE TO
DEVELOPMENT, IF WOMEN DO NOT PARTICIPATE IN ALL
SPHERES, ST AND DECISION LEVELS
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