EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION CUM ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE STRUCTURES IN MACHHAN RIVER BASIN

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EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION CUM ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
STRUCTURES IN MACHHAN RIVER BASIN

• Research Co-ordinators
• Dr. A.S.Patel
• N.J.Shrimali
• Faculty Of Technology Engg.,
• THE M.S.UNIVERSITY OF BARODA

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The Region Charecteristics

• Erratic Rainfall
• Less Avg. Annual Rainfall 870 mm
• Temperature 70 Min to 470 Max.
• Topography Hilly
• Geology Quartzite, Phyllite Schists
• Soil Sandy, Sandy loam, Black cotton.
• Land Irrigibality Class 2, 3 and 4

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RAINFALL
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SALIENT FEATURES OF MACHHAN RIVER
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CLASSIFICATION OF CATCHMENT

• Region Drainage merging in to
• Arabian sea
• Basin Mahi
• Catchment Kadana
• Subcatchment Anas
• Watershed Machhan
• Sub-watershed 30-5 Km2
• Mini-watershed 15-30 Km2
• Micro-watershed 5-15 Km2

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STRUCTURES ON MACHHAN RIVER

• STRUCTURE YEAR
  OF CONST.
• Mchhannala Irrigation Scheme Dam
  1982
• Rajudia Check Dam 1990
• Mahudi Check Dam 1993
• Thunthi-Kankasia Check Dam 1994
• Kachumber Check Dam 1995
• Bambela Check Dam 1996
• Vankol Check Dam 1996
• Therka Check Dam 1997
• Siamalia Falia Check Dam 1998
• Kharsana Check Dam 1999
• Kheda Ambazaran Check Dam 2000

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STRUCTURES IN MACHHAN BASIN
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METHODOLOGY

• The effect of recharging is apparent on variation
  of ground water table, cropping pattern, yield
  etc. Study of water table for a number of
  successive years along with rainfall pattern
  provides a ground for analysis. Variations in
  various water quality parameters is studied to
  notice change in ground water quality. For
  analyzing different components of hydrologic
  cycle, of our concern, mathematical concepts is
  used by suitable modification as per our
  requirements and characteristics of our area.
• For all these field survey was done and
  observation wells were fixed spreaded over entire
  catchment. Field tests like Double cylinder
  Infiltrometer test was also conducted. For data
  collection various agencies (Government and Non
  Government) were contacted and data were
  obtained.

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DETAILS OF UNCONFINED AQUIFER IN DISTRICT
PANCHMAHAL
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CONCLUSIONS

• The study of rainfall pattern shows that the
  average rainfall of the region has increased in
  Jhalod Taluka to 955 mm and decreased to 769 in
  Dahod talukacompared to 870 mm of last 50 years.
• The rainfall pattern is highly erratic and number
  of rainy days in all months of the rainy season
  are less than 60 (even , 60 in many cases) for
  most of the years of last decade. It is noticed
  that inspite of erratic nature of rainfall ground
  water level has risen.
• Study of the unconfined aquifer shows that the
  pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water levels have
  risen in general which may be interpreted as
  elevation of groundwater table in the region.

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CONCLUSIONS (contd.)

• From the reports of land irrigability (Narmada
  Water Resources Dept.) it may be inferred that
  the actual irrigation potential of the region is
  high but it is underutilized.
• There observed a significant rise in average crop
  yield in the period of more than last one decade
  compared to rising trend of earlier period. This
  clearly shows impact of check dams. Also there is
  noticeable increase in the cultivated land, which
  confirms the same fact.

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CONCLUSIONS (contd.)

• Area irrigated at different check dam sites is
  also increasing which shows rising trend of
  farming. This trend is differing only in case of
  Kheda Ambazaran check dam which is located at
  farthest downstream of the Machhan river. The
  individual catchment area of this check dam is
  very small and the drainage pattern is also poor.
• The fluctuations in Ec has remained approximately
  constant and there is no area having salinity
  more than 2250 micromhos/cm. It is seen that
  water quality deterioration is almost nil.

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CONCLUSIONS (contd.)

• Variation of ETo for different months in various
  crop seasons found to be following the relation
• Y 0.2522 X3-7.3258 X257.004 X69.022
• From the graphical analysis of rainfall, runoff
  and infiltration verses time shows rainfall
  variation to be following the following relation
• Y 2E-O5x6 -0.0019 x50.08 x4-1.5824 x314.434
  x2-51.049X124.79
• Rainfall vs runoff relationship founds to follow
  power series variation which can be given by
• Y 20.312 X0.5046

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CONCLUSIONS (contd.)

• The analysis shows that this approach of
  harnessing the water by series of check dams is
  certainly a successful approach of recharging
  under ground water reservoir. For the region
  having this kind of characteristics recharging
  water by constructing check dams is an
  appropriate solution. The need for the same was
  felt more significantly in the decades of 1990s.
  The only major constraint seems to be is an
  erratic nature of the rainfall. Construction of
  series of check dams on Machhan has been done in
  around last one decade. The oldest check dam was
  constructed in 1990 at Rajadia and an latest one
  was constructed at Kheda Ambazaran in 1999, just
  three years back so it may require analysis of
  some more years performance to arrive at
  reasonable evaluation of this approach.

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CONCLUSIONS (contd.)

• Further the effectiveness of the approach can
  also be increased by changing the cropping
  pattern and by having crops which requires less
  water compared to more water consuming crops.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

• We are thankful to IWMI for funding this project.
  Hereby we highly acknowledge the N.M.Sadguru
  Water and Development Foundation, Chosala, for
  their kind co-operation in providing many basic
  data. We acknowledge the help of Shri Harnath
  Jagawat, Dr. Rakesh Pande and Ms Sunita
  Chowdhary of Shri NMSWDF. We are also thankful
  to all Government agencies like GWRDC, GERI,
  Machhannala Irrigation Project offices, River
  Gauging Division, Soil Survey Subdivision, Taluka
  and District Panchayats who have provided the
  data. We are thankful to Prof.P.N.Sutaria, Head
  Civil Engg. Dept., who have continuously helped
  and encouraged us during the research.

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• Thank You