Knee and Thigh Anatomy

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Knee and Thigh Anatomy
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Bony Anatomy

• Femur
• Linea Aspera
• Medial and Lateral Condyles
• Medial and Lateral Epicondyles
• Adductor Tubercle

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Bony Anatomy

• Femur
• Tibia
• Medial and Lateral Tibia Plateaus (Tibial
  Condyles
• Intercondylar Eminence
• Tibial Tuberosity

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Bony Anatomy

• Femur
• Tibia
• Patella
• Sesmoid Bone
• Fibula

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Knee Articulations

• Tibiofemoral Joint
• Modified hinge joint
• 2-3 degrees of freedom
• Articulating surfaced are not congruent

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Knee Articulations

• Patellofemoral Joint
• 5 facets
• Odd facet most often affected
• Movement during flexion/extension
• Position
• 0,20,45,60-90
• Medial/lateral tracking position
• Medial/ Lateral Retinaculum
• Why do we have this joint?

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Knee Articulations

• Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
• Syndesmosis joint
• Movement

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Tbiofemoral Joint
• Capsule
• Synovial Membrane

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Tbiofemoral Joint
• Capsule
• Synovial Membrane
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
• Primary medial stabilizer
• 2 layers
• Tightness not equal throughout ROM

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Tibiofemoral Joint
• Capsule
• Synovial Membrane
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
• against No attachment to capsule
• Deep to biceps femoris tendon
• Cordlike
• Primarily protects against

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Tibiofemoral Joint
• Capsule
• Synovial Membrane
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
• Intracapsular
• Course of ligament
• Primary functions
• Two Bundles
• Strain Depends on?

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Tibiofemoral Joint
• Capsule
• Synovial Membrane
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
• Intracapsular
• Course of Ligament
• Primary Functions
• Three components
• Most tight at?
• Screw Home Mechanism

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Tibiofemoral Joint
• Capsule
• Synovial Membrane
• Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
• Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
• Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
• Arcuate Ligament Complex
• Composed of
• Functions

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Knee Cartilage

• Menisci
• Introduction
• Wedged structures
• Vascular Supply
• Functions
• Medial Meniscus
• C shaped
• Firm attachment to MCL
• Lateral Meniscus
• Smaller, more mobile
• Meniscofemoral Ligament (Ligament of Wrisberg)

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Knee Secondary Restraints

• Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
• More stable than distal
• Stabilized by
• Proximal anterior tibiofibular ligament
• Proximal posterior tibiofibular ligament

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Primary Restraints - Musculature

• Anterior
• Rectus Femoris
• Vastus Lateralis
• Vastus Intermedius
• Vastus Medialis

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Primary Restraints - Musculature

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
• Biceps femoris
• Popliteus
• Popliteal Fossa
• Formed by
• Structures found within

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Primary Restraints - Musculature

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Pes Anserine Muscle Group
• Sartorius
• Gracilis
• Semitendinosus

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Primary Restraints - Musculature

• Anterior
• Posterior
• Pes Anserine Muscle Group
• Lateral
• Tensor Fascia Lata
• Iliotibial Band

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Other Structures

• Bursa
• Prepatellar
• Infrapatellar
• Suprapatellar
• Others

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Other Structures

• Bursa
• Fat Pads