Colonies

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Colonies
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Colonies
Colony "a body of people who settle in a new
locality, forming a community subject to or
connected with their parent state maintaining
the cultural, social, and political identities of
the mother country
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Colonies
Reasons

• Citizen
• European warsSpain, France,
• Religious strifeCatholics, Protestants,
  Puritans, civil war
• Economic transformationenclosure movement
• Land

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Colonies
Reasons
Nation/kingdom

• Mercantilism
• Wool industry products sold abroad, but
  particularly in the Netherlands
• Individual exporters formed companies with royal
  charters
• Royal charters granted monopolies in specific
  regions
• Investors in trading companies became wealthy

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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism

1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars
   dominated by competitive nationsSpain, France,
   England, Holy Roman Empire

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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
Regional wars between super powers required
standing professional armies and navies
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Colonies
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Colonies
Mercantilism
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Colonies
Question??
How can the monarch raise enough money to build,
equip, and maintain a large, professional,
standing army and navy?
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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism

1. The growth of commercial and industrial activity
   in comparison to agriculture

Did farming or commercial/industrial activities
circulate money faster?
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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade
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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary
systems (gold and silver coins) in comparison to
barter transactions
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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism

1. Local feudal wars evolved into regional wars
   dominated by competitive nationsSpain, France,
   England, Holy Roman Empire
2. The growth of commercial and industrial activity
   in comparison to agriculture
3. The increase in the volume and extent of trade
4. The increase in the use of metallic monetary
   systems relative to barter transactions

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Colonies
Question??
How can the monarch raise enough money to build,
equip, and maintain a large, professional,
standing army and navy?
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Colonies
Mercantilism
The Answer Obtain the largest possible surplus
of gold and silver
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Colonies
Mercantilism
Question??

• Where were the sources of gold and silver?
• How to obtain large amounts of gold and silver?
• How to find sources of gold and silver that
  continue to produce over long periods of time?

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Colonies
Development of Mercantilism
Marco Polo
Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes
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Colonies
Mercantilism












Spanish Gold and Silver Mines in the New World
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Colonies
Mercantilism
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Colonies
Mercantilism
Years Gold (kilos) Silver (kilos)
1503-1510 4.965 0
1511-1520 9.153 0
1521-1530 4.889 148
1531-1540 14.466 86.193
1541-1550 24.957 177.573
1551-1560 42.620 303.121
1561-1570 11.530 942.858
1571-1580 9.429 1.118.592
1581-1590 12.101 2.103.027
1591-1600 19.451 2.707.626












153.561
7.439.138
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Colonies
Mercantilism











Years Gold/Silver (Maravedíes)
1601-1605 10.981.524.600
1606-1610 14.132.343.150
1611-1615 11.037.654.220
1616-1620 13.550.688.000
1621-1625 12.154.805.325
1626-1630 11.229.536.925
1631-1635 7.699.884.430
1636-1640 7.341.570.900
1641-1645 6.193.711.121
1646-1650 5.296.746.150
Totals 99.618.464.825
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Colonies
Mercantilism
Years Gold/Silver (Maravedíes)
1651-1655 2.095.791.820
1656-1660 1.514.658.928
1661-1665 1.852.668.884
1666-1670 1.188.953.240
1671-1675 1.155.335.451
1676-1680 1.083.506.286
1681-1685 529.266.946
1686-1690 600.385.644
1691-1695 205.696.380
1696-1699 535.709.304
Totals 10.761.972.883
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Colonies

• In practice, the Mercantile system worked as
  follows
• get the largest surplus of precious metals
• a country must have a favorable balance of export
  trade
• If you can export more to your neighbor than he
  exports to your own country
• he will owe you money
• obliged to send you some of his gold
• hence you gain and he loses

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Colonies

• As a result of this economic belief, the economic
  program of almost every seventeenth century state
  was as follows
• Try to get possession of as many precious metals
  as you can
• Encourage foreign trade in preference to domestic
  trade
• Encourage those industries which change raw
  materials into exportable finished products

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Colonies
As a result of this economic belief, the economic
program of almost every seventeenth century state
was as follows 4. Encourage a large
population-- you will need workmen for your
factories 5. Let the State watch this process
and interfere whenever it is necessary to do so
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Colonies
Mercantilism
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Colonies
Mercantilism
early 1500s
late 1500s
1600s
1700s
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Colonies
Mercantilism
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Colonies
Mercantilism
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Colonies
Mercantilism












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Colonies
Mercantilism
Vera Cruz, Mexico
St. Augustine, Florida
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Colonies
Mercantilism
Havana, Cuba
Lima, Peru
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Colonies
Mercantilism
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Colonies
Mercantilism
British North American colonies Roanoke Colony,
founded 1586 Virginia Company, chartered
1606 London Company Jamestown Settlement,
founded 1607. Bermuda first settled in
1609 Citie of Henricopolis, founded in 1611
Plymouth Company Popham Colony, founded
1607 Society of Merchant Venturers (Newfoundland)
Cuper's Cove, founded 1610 Bristol's Hope,
founded 1618 London and Bristol Company
(Newfoundland) Renews, founded 1615 St.
John's, Newfoundland, claimed for England by Sir
Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 Plymouth Council for New
England Plymouth Colony, founded
1620 Ferryland, Newfoundland granted to George
Calvert Province of Maine, granted 1622 South
Falkland, Newfoundland, founded 1623 Province of
New Hampshire settled in 1623 Dorchester Company
Colony in 1624 Salem Colony settled in
1628 Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629












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Colonies
Mercantilism
Massachusetts Bay Colony founded 1629 New
Scotland, 1629-1632 Connecticut Colony founded
1633 Province of Maryland founded in 1634 New
Albion, chartered in 1634 Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations, first settled in 1636
New Haven Colony, founded 1638 Province of New
York, captured 1664 Province of New Jersey,
captured in 1664 Rupert's Land founded in 1670
Province of Pennsylvania founded 1681 Delaware
Colony separated from Pennsylvania in 1704
Carolina Colony North Carolina, first settled
1586 Province of South Carolina in 1670.
Province of Georgia first settled in about
1670 Nova Scotia in 1629 Quebec, in
1759-1761 East Florida and West Florida, acquired
from Spain in 1763 Prince Edward Island,
separated from Nova Scotia 1769 New Brunswick,
separated from Nova Scotia in 1784 Ontario,
separated from Quebec in 1791 as Upper Canada
Vancouver Island, in 1843 New Caledonia in 1858.

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Colonies
Mercantilism
British Caribbean colonies Saint Kitts - in
1623 Barbados - The island was settled in
1625 Nevis - The island was permanently settled
in 1628 Antigua - The island was settled in 1632.
Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632
Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632.
Bahamas - The islands were settled from
1647 Angular - The island was settled in
1650 Jamaica - The island was conquered from
Spain in 1655 British Virgin Islands - The
islands were settled from 1666 Turks and Caicos
Islands - The islands were first permanently
settled in the 1750s Trinidad and Tobago - The
island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island
of Trinidad was captured from the Spanish in
1797 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint
Vincent was colonized in 1762 Grenada - The
island was conquered from France in 1762 Saint
Lucia - The island was captured from the French
in 1778 Cayman Islands - The islands were
acquired from Spain in 1870
British Central and South American
colonies Belize - English adventurers starting in
the mid-1600s Mosquito Coast - This area was
first settled in 1630 British Guiana - The
English began colonies in the Guiana area in the
early 17th century Falkland Islands - The first
British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774
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Colonies
Mercantilism
British Caribbean colonies Saint Kitts - in
1623 Barbados - The island was settled in
1625 Nevis - The island was permanently settled
in 1628 Antigua - The island was settled in 1632.
Barbuda - The island was settled about 1632
Montserrat - The island was settled in 1632.
Bahamas - The islands were settled from
1647 Angular - The island was settled in
1650 Jamaica - The island was conquered from
Spain in 1655 British Virgin Islands - The
islands were settled from 1666 Turks and Caicos
Islands - The islands were first permanently
settled in the 1750s Trinidad and Tobago - The
island of Tobago was captured in 1762. The island
of Trinidad was captured from the Spanish in
1797 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Saint
Vincent was colonized in 1762 Grenada - The
island was conquered from France in 1762 Saint
Lucia - The island was captured from the French
in 1778 Cayman Islands - The islands were
acquired from Spain in 1870
British Central and South American
colonies Belize - English adventurers starting in
the mid-1600s Mosquito Coast - This area was
first settled in 1630 British Guiana - The
English began colonies in the Guiana area in the
early 17th century Falkland Islands - The first
British base of 1765 was abandoned in 1774