Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers

• Internationalization and
• Technical Stewardship of the Internet
• 8 May 2005
• Cairo, Egypt
• Theresa Swinehart
• General Manager, Global Partnerships

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Internet Resources ManagementThe Past
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The early days of the Internet

• Network set up in the US scientific community
• Under RD contracts to the US government
• Administered by the UCLA from Los Angeles
• Originally connected 4 universities
• Growing slowly into a larger scientific research
  network
• With increasing decentralisation and
• Involving scientists in the whole world
• Email was added in 1972, file transfer in 1973

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Internet The Mid 80s
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Internet from RD to commercial

• Increased use of scientific community
• Most use in US universities and RD institutes
• International scientific use has commenced
• Domain Names System invented in 1983
• First non-scientific use is considered
• 1990 first commercial provision of Internet
  dial-up access
• 1991 www invented in CERN - Switzerland

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Community values

• Ensuring a single, end-to-end interoperable
  Internet
• Bottom-up technical policy making and decision
  making
• Participation open to all who wish to do so
• Legitimacy determined by open participation and
  the value of the contribution to the joint
  effort, rather than power
• Consensus based decision making, but not full
  census based consensus
• Cooperation, Coordination and Consultation among
  participants and groups pushing forward
  initiatives
• Yet, VERY spirited and blunt public debate

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The Internet Todayand.The Challenges
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The political world
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The telecommunications world
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The Internet Today

• 200,000 interconnected networks
• 10,000s of players from private sector providing
  equipment, applications, networks, pipes,
  services, research
• Academics assisting in research on standards and
  protocols
• The backbone of the digital economy
• A multi-stakeholder platform

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From the past to the future

• Small (4 university networks, 100s users)
• Scientific purpose
• US based
• Scientific backbone
• Single jurisdiction
• Regulated relations
• A few scientific issues
• Industrialised countries interest

• Huge (today over 200,000 networks, 1 billion
  users )
• Multi-stakeholder purpose
• Global
• Global economy backbone
• Multiple jurisdictions
• Contractual relations
• Multi-layered stack of issues
• Industrialised and developing countries interest

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ICANN and its structure
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ICANN The Basic Challenge

• An effective mechanism for
• technical self-management
• by the global Internet community serving a
  globalized economy

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Before ICANN, these stakeholders competed for
influence over the Domain Name and IP Addressing
systems
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Within ICANN, all stakeholders work
collaboratively in the policy structure
President/ CEO
Board of Directors
Governmental Advisory Committee GAC
At-large Advisory Committee ALAC
Country Code Names Supporting Organisation ccNSO
Generic Names Supporting Organisation GNSO
Root Server System Advisory Committee RSSAC
Technical Liaison Group TLG
Security and Stability Advisory Committee SSAC
Address Supporting Organisation ASO
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What is ICANN responsible for?

• ICANN is responsible for the global technical
  self-management of the Internets unique
  identifiers
• ICANN is dedicated to
• Preserving the operational stability of the
  Internet
• To promoting competition
• To achieving broad representation of global
  Internet communities
• And to developing policy appropriate to its
  mission through bottom-up, consensus-based
  processes

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What ICANN does not do

• Content on the Internet
• Spam
• Financial transactions online
• Consumer Protection Law
• Privacy Law
• Data Protection Law
• Intellectual Property Law
• E-commerce, e-education, e-government, etc.

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Stability and security with open architecture
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PRINCIPLES OF OPERATIONS

1. Contribute to stability and security of the
   unique identifiers system and root management
2. Promote competition and choice for registrants
   and other users
3. Forum for multi-stakeholder bottom-up development
   of related policy
4. Ensuring on a global basis an opportunity for
   participation by all interested parties

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A Closer look at one area of success

• ICANN successful in changing the market structure
  for the registration of generic TLDs
• A US1 billion annual reduction in domain
  registration fees
• Competition in the registrar business
• The market competition for generic domain name
  (gTLD) registrations established by ICANN has
  lowered domain name costs by 80, with savings
  for both consumers and businesses.

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Establishing and fostering competition and choice
Registry functions
Registrar functions
Increasing choice through registrar competition
and new gTLDs
Fostering competition through market mechanisms
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How stability and competition is accomplished
Stability and security
Competition and choice
Independent bottom-up coordination
Global stakeholder representation
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Stakeholders in the Domain Name System
Business, civil society and academia
Government and inter-government agencies
Technical bodies and organisations
Coordination Collaboration Cooperation
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Stakeholders in the Domain Name System
Government and inter-government agencies
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Inter-American Telecommunications Union (CITEL)
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
UN Economic, Social and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)
New Partnership for Africas Development (NEPAD)
African Telecommunications Union (ATU)
European Union (EU)
Commonwealth Telecommunications Oragnisation
Agence Intergouvernementale de la Francophonie
Individual governments are also grappling with
how to address new information society issues
that cross over many government departments,
foreign and domestic policy, cultural
distinctions, economic development and similar
public policy challenges
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Stakeholders in the Domain Name System
Business, civil society and academia
Business organizations have an inherent interest
in contributing to the Internets growth and
potential
Civil society organizations, from all parts of
the world and from all aspects of society, remain
committed to the potential of the Internet for
the needs of civil society
The academic community, regardless of location,
has played and will always play an important role
in the Internet
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Stakeholders in the Domain Name System
Technical bodies and organisations
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Forum
Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Domain name registrars
Regional Internet number Registries (RIRs)
Security and technical experts
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
ENUM Forum
IPv6 Forum
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE)
Space research agencies
gTLD and ccTLD registries
Internet Service Providers
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International multi-stakeholder representation
and participation

• Government Advisory Committee about 100
  governments and 5 International Treaty
  Organisations
• At-Large Advisory Committee 18 At-Large
  Structures from four global regions
• Board of Directors represents 14 nationalities
• ICANN Staff hail from nine different countries
  (Australia, Denmark, France, Mongolia, the
  Netherlands, Niger, Taiwan, the United Kingdom,
  and the United States)

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OECD Report continued

• When OECD countries allocate resources they have
  certain common objectives irrespective of the
  method chosen. These can include efficient
  allocation of a resource and efficient use of
  that resource, transparency in the award of
  resource, non-discrimination, and the creation of
  appropriate conditions for market competition.
  There may also be other wider economic and social
  objectives. Through statements and actions it is
  clear that ICANN shares the ideals inherent in
  these objectives.

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The International Multi-stakeholder Organisation
of the 21st Century

• Transnational
• All stakeholders represented
• Including governments with choice of relevant
  agency or agencies
• Flexible in organisational management
• No capture by individuals, groups, or
  organisations
• Reflective of its own regime.
• Focus on effectiveness and relevancy

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• For more information please see
• http//www.icann.com
• Or send an email to
• Theresa.Swinehart_at_icann.org