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Theology

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Will for the good of the beloved. Agape. 6. Theology & Psychology. Pain & Sorrow. 7 ... All sorrow is not contrary to all pleasure. No sorrow contrary to contemplation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Theology


1
Theology Psychology
  • Appetites and Passions
  • PAIN SORROW

2
Appetite
  • Inclination in desiring something
  • Concupscible
  • Seeks what is good to senses
  • Flees what is evil
  • Irascible
  • Resists hindrance
  • Obstacles to fight or flight

Good
Evil
3
Passions
  • Concupiscible
  • Love Hate
  • Desire Aversion
  • Delight Sorrow
  • Irascible
  • Hope Despair
  • Fear Daring (Audacity)
  • Anger

4
Passions are Blind
Image
5
Types of love
  • Affection
  • Erotica
  • Friendship
  • Will for the good of the beloved
  • Agape

6
Theology Psychology
  • Pain Sorrow

7
Pain and Sorrow in itself
  • Pain is a passion
  • Sorrow is pain
  • Sorrow is contrary to pleasure
  • All sorrow is not contrary to all pleasure
  • No sorrow contrary to contemplation
  • Desire for pleasure more eager
  • Interior sorrow greater

8
4 Species of sorrow
  • Pity
  • anothers evil
  • Envy
  • anothers good
  • Anxiety
  • weighs on mind
  • escape seems impossible
  • Torpor
  • mind is so weighed down that even the limbs
    become motionless

9
Causes
  • Present evil
  • Desire for unity
  • An irresistible power

10
Present Evil
  • Sorrow is a movement of the appetite as a result
    of an apprehension
  • Even a privation has the aspect of a being
  • Evil is the privation of good
  • Privation is the lack of the contrary habit
  • Natural movements
  • Approach -directed to something suitable to
    nature
  • Withdrawal -directed to something contrary to
    nature
  • Sorrow is a kind of flight or withdrawal
  • Pleasure is a kind of pursuit or approach

11
Desire for unity
  • Love is the first principle of the appetitive
    movement
  • The first inclination of the appetite towards the
    possession of good
  • Hatred is the second principal
  • The first inclination of the appetite towards the
    avoidance of evil
  • Concupiscence or desire is the first effect of
    love which gives rise to the greatest of pleasure
  • Whatever hinders a movement from reaching its end
    is contrary to the movement of the appetite
  • Desire is a cause of sorrow in so far as we
    sorrow for the delay of a desired good or for its
    complete removal

12
Irresistible power
  • A present evil is a cause of sorrow
  • What causes a present evil should be reckoned as
    causing pain and sorrow
  • It is contrary to the inclination of the appetite
    to be united with a present evil
  • Whatever is contrary to a thing's inclination
    does not happen to it save by the action of
    something stronger
  • If a stronger power goes so far as to transform
    the contrary inclination into its own inclination
    there will be no longer repugnance or violence
  • Without inclination there is no pain or sorrow
  • Sorrow is caused by the will resisting a stronger
    power -to yield by consent results not in sorrow
    but in pleasure

13
Goodness malice of sorrow
  • Not all sorrow is evil
  • Can be a useful, virtuous good
  • Bodily pain is not greatest evil
  • not to reckon evil as evil or not to reject it

14
Not all sorrow is evil
  • Shame-on account of a shameful deed done
  • A sign of goodness if a man is in sorrow or pain
    on the count of a present evil
  • If not in pain and sorrow he feels it not or does
    not reckon it as something unbecoming, both are
    manifest evils
  • It is also a good thing that he sorrows for the
    good he has lost for had not some good remained
    in his nature, he could not be punished by the
    loss of good.

15
Can be a virtuous good
  • Sorrow is a good in as much as it denotes
    perception and rejection of evil.
  • Proof of the goodness of nature
  • Nature shuns the harmful thing that causes pain
  • Interior sorrow
  • Perception of the evil is sometimes due to a
    right judgment or reasonRejection of the evil is
    the act of the will
  • Every virtuous good results from these two things
  • The rectitude of the reason The will

16
Sorrow can be useful good
  • The effect of avoiding or expelling the saddening
    evil
  • Sorrow can be of use because it is something to
    avoid
  • In itself as contrary to good e.g. sin
  • An occasion of evil
  • Sorrow for that which ought to be avoided is
    always useful since it adds another motive for
    avoiding it

17
Bodily pain is not greatest evil
  • All sorrow or pain is either for something that
    is truly evil or something that is apparently
    evil but good in reality
  • Pain or sorrow for that which is truly evil
    cannot be the great evil for there is something
    worse
  • Not to reckon as evil that which is really evil
  • Or not to reject it

18
Effects of pain sorrow
  • Blindness
  • Depression
  • Debility
  • Bodily injury

19
Blindness
  • Hinders the power to learn
  • Love of learning will increase retention

20
Depression
  • Hindered in own movement hinders the will from
    what it wishes to enjoy
  • If evil is not strong enough to deprive one of
    the hope of avoiding it, the will retains the
    movement whereby to repulse that evil
  • If the strength of the evil excludes the hope of
    evasion
  • The interior movement of the afflicted soul is
    absolutely hindered so that it cannot turn aside
    either this way or that. Sometimes even the
    external movement of the body is paralyzed so
    that a man becomes completely stupefied.

21
Debility
  • Sorrow weakens all activity
  • Pleasure perfects action . . . sorrow hinders
    it. Aris. Ethic, s.4

22
Bodily injury
  • Of all soul's passions, sorrow is the most
    harmful to the body
  • Sorrow is repugnant to man's life in respect of
    the species of its movement and not merely in
    respect of its measure or quantity

23
Remedies of pain
  • All pleasure
  • Tears, groans
  • Sympathy/compassion of friends
  • Contemplation of the Truth
  • Sleep baths

24
All pleasure
  • Pleasure is a kind of repose of the appetite in a
    suitable good
  • Sorrow arises from something unsuited to the
    appetite
  • Implies ailing or weariness of the appetite
  • All repose of the body brings relief to any kind
    of weariness from non-natural causes

25
Tears, groans
  • A hurtful thing hurts more if shut in
  • Let out, souls intention is dispersed
  • An action that befits a man according to his
    actual disposition is always pleasant to him
  • Tears are befitting one in pain and thus pleasant
    to him
  • Every pleasure assuages pain and sorrow

26
Sympathy-compassion of friends
  • Sorrow has a depressing effect
  • Weight of burden
  • Seeing others saddened by ones sorrow seems as
    if others are bearing the burden with him
  • They seem to be striving to lessen the weight
    thus the burden is lighter
  • When a man friends console with him he sees that
    he is loved by them
  • This is more important than 1 and gives pleasure

27
Contemplation of the Truth
  • The greatest of all pleasures rests in the
    contemplation of the Truth, the more so, the more
    one is a lover of wisdom
  • In midst of tribulation men rejoice in the
    contemplation of divine things
  • Count all joy, when you shall fall into diverse
    temptation. James 1.2
  • Joy amidst bodily tortures
  • Tiburtius (Martyr) said while walking on burning
    coals "Methinks I walk on roses, in the name of
    Jesus Christ

28
Sleep and Baths
  • Sorrow is repugnant to the vital movement of the
    body
  • Whatever restores bodily nature is opposed to
    sorrow and assuages it. It brings back the normal
    state and thus causes pleasure

29
Causes of pleasure
  • Work
  • Movement
  • Hope memory
  • Love
  • Sadness
  • Wonder/novelty

30
Causes of Pleasure
  • Work
  • Movement

31
Hope and memory
  • Pleasure is caused by a suitable good
  • Presence of good in mind
  • Potential of the good
  • Conjunction of apprehension

32
Love
  • Union
  • Action of others
  • Action for others
  • Similarity

33
Sadness
  • Brings to mind that which is loved
  • Absence of which causes sadness
  • Recollection of sadness causes pleasure
  • Absence of the evil is a good
  • Deliverance from what caused sorrow is a joy

34
Wonder/Novelty
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