The State of Technology in Maryland, 2002: Why the

1
The State of Technology in Maryland, 2002 Why
the New Focus on Technology

• Davina Pruitt-Mentle
• September 23, 2002

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Pre Assessment Exercise
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Overview of Pre-Assignment

• Focus today no longer on basic skills
• In the mid to late 90s, University provided
  basic skills training for the K-12 community
• K-12 then developed their own training IT PD
  units
• University provided integration training
• K-12 IT PD staff then developed their own
  integration training
• University focused on web-based/distance
  education
• K-12 developed own and/or with company partners
• Currently, the university focus is on
• new topics (Cyberethics, universal access,
  accessibility issues),
• research (assessment of student and PD teacher
  outcomes)
• survey/assessment data collection and analysis

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Growth of Access

• Since the 1980s, when computers were first
  targeted for deployment in schools, more than 5
  billion has been spent on hardware, software,
  teacher training, and connections.
• Is there a set of necessary skills that defines
  technology literacy or fluency?

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Changing Definitions

• 1982 -Teachers are told to Teach students to
  program in Basic
• Rationale Its the language that comes with the
  computer.
• 1984 - Teachers are told to Teach students to
  program in LOGO
• Rationale Teach students to think, not just
  program.
• 1986- Teachers told to Teach with integrated
  drill and practice systems
• Rationale Individualize instruction and
  increase test scores.
• Source H.J. Becker, Analysis and Trends of
  School Use of New Information Technologies,
  Office of Technology Assessment contractor
  report, March, 1994

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Changing Directions

• 1988 - Teachers told to Teach word processing
• Rationale Use computers as tools, like adults
  do.
• 1990 - Teachers are told to Teach with
  curriculum-specific tools (e.g., history
  databases, science simulators, data probes).
• Rationale Integrating the computers with the
  existing curriculum.
• Source H.J. Becker, Analysis and Trends of
  School Use of New Information Technologies,
  Office of Technology Assessment contractor
  report, March, 1994

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Changing Directions

• 1992 - Teachers told to Teach multimedia
  hypertext programming
• Rationale Change the curriculum, students learn
  the best by creating products for an audience.
• 1994 - Teachers are told to Teach with Internet
  telecommunications
• Rationale Let students be part of the real
  world.
• Source H.J. Becker, Analysis and Trends of
  School Use of New Information Technologies,
  Office of Technology Assessment contractor
  report, March, 1994

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Drivers of Change
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National and International Assessments of
Computer Competence

• In 1983, the landmark report A Nation at Risk
  identified computer competence as a fourth basic
  skill
• The emphasis was on computer literacy

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National Assessment of Educational Progress

• 1985/1986 - The first national assessment of
  computer competence, conducted as a part of the
  National Assessment of Educational Progress
  (NAEP)
• Surveyed 3rd, 7th, and 11th graders on their
  knowledge and skills in using the computer
• Students did well on identifying parts of
  computer but poorly on computer applications and
  knowledge of programming
• Report provided the framework for examining
  differences in outcomes related to gender, race
  and ethnicity, computer use in and outside of
  school and parental education
• Source M.E. Martinez and N.A. Mead, Computer
  Competence The First National Assessment,
  Educational Testing Service, April, 1988

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Business Demands

• 1991, the Department of Labor report What Work
  Requires of Students, the Secretarys Commission
  on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) identified
  the following as necessary for the workforce
• Resource allocation skills
• Interpersonal skills
• Information skills
• System skills
• Technology Skills

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Resource Allocation Skills

• Handling
• Time
• Money
• Materials
• Space
• Staff

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Interpersonal Skills

• Working on Teams
• Teaching Others
• Serving Customers
• Leading
• Negotiating
• Working well with people from culturally diverse
  backgrounds

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Information Skills

• Acquiring and evaluating data
• Organizing and maintaining files
• Interpreting and communicating
• Using computers to process information

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System Skills

• Understanding social, organizational, and
  technological systems
• Monitoring and correcting performance
• Designing or improving systems

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Technology Skills

• Selecting equipment and tools
• Applying technology to specific tasks
• Maintaining and troubleshooting technologies

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International Association For The Evaluation of
Educational Achievement (IEA)

• 1992 - Survey involving 12 countries -using the
  Functional Information Technology Test instrument
• In U.S., 11,284 students from 573 schools
• Results
• U.S. spends considerable more time learning
  about computers, but did not give students
  opportunities to practice with computers (as
  Austria, Germany and the Netherlands)
• Western European countries require
  computer-related classes (informatics)- in the
  U.S. not required

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Scholastic Achievement Test

• In 1996, high school graduates who participated
  in the Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT) provided
  information on the kinds of computer technology
  they used in school
• 72 Word processing
• 51 Computer Literacy
• 44 English Courses
• Math problems, Data Processing and Computer
  programming 25
• College Board data published in R.J. Coley, J.
  Cradler and P.K. Engel, Computers and
  Classrooms The Status of Technology in U.S.
  Schools. Policy Information Report, Princeton,
  NJ, Policy Information Center, Educational
  Testing Service, May, 1997

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Federal Leadership and National Standards

• Technology Literacy Challenge Initiative (Clinton
  administration)
• Built on 4 pillars
• Computers
• Connections
• Content
• Competency

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Standards

• New Standards Project, begun in 1991 by the
  National Center for Education and Economy
  (http//www.ncee.org)
• New Standards Reference Examinations
• Designed to measure student achievement in
  mathematics and English language arts
• Uses a mixture of traditional test items as well
  as performance tasks
• Computer skills are not distinguished as discrete
  standards but embedded

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Technology Education and Information Literacy
Standards

• Technology Literacy standards proposed by the
  International Technology Education Association
  (ITEA)-aimed to develop standards for K-12
  technology education (http//www.iteawww.org/ )
• Information Literacy standards were prepared by
  the Association of American School Librarians
  (AASL) and the Association of Educational
  Communications and Technology (AECT) - aimed at
  school library and media specialist but
  correlated to learning concepts developed under
  other national association standards
  (http//www.aect.org/ )

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Evolution of the Current Technology Standards and
Performance Indicators for Teachers

• 1993- ISTE (International Society for Technology
  in Education (http//www.iste.org/)
• developed the first edition of the ISTE
  Technology Standards for all teachers, 13
  indicators
• 1997, second edition- 18 indicators organized
  into the following three categories
• Basic Computer/Technology Operations and Concepts
• Personal and Professional Use of Technology
• Application of Technology in Instruction

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ISTE NETST

• 2000-alignment with
• the ISTE NETSS (National Educational Technology
  Standards) for students http//cnets.iste.org/inde
  x2.html
• Reflected research on teaching and learning with
  technology
• Reflected advances in technology

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Current ISTE NETST

• 23 indicators organized into the following six
  categories
• Technology Operations and Concepts
• Planning and Designing Learning Environments and
  Experiences
• Teaching, Learning, and the Curriculum
• Assessment and Evaluation
• Productivity and Professional Practice
• Social, Ethical, Legal, and Human Issues

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ISTE NETST links

• http//cnets.iste.org/index3.html ISTE NETST
  (for teachers)
• http//cnets.iste.org/index2.html ISTE NETSS
  (for students)
• http//www.iste.org/standards/ The National
  Educational Technology Standards Project
• http//cnets.iste.org/ NET Standards
• http//cnets.iste.org/tssa/ ISTE NETSA (also
  Technology Standards for School Administrators
  TSSA) - UMCP COE ETO helped in drafting
• http//cnets.iste.org/ NCATE Technology
  Referenced in NCATE 2000 Standards
• http//msde.aws.com/ Process Report on Technology
  in Maryland Schools
• http//msde.aws.com/results/ Maryland Technology
  Inventory by LSS school
• http//msde.aws.com/digitaldivide.asp Maryland
  Digital Divide Report

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ISTE NETST
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State Approaches to Technology Standards

• According to state technology directors
  responding to an informal survey conducted by the
  Office of Educational Technology at the U.S.
  Department of Education, student technology
  standards are typically embedded in curriculum
  guides

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Maryland State Technology Standards

• MSDE Technology Link http//www.msde.state.md.us/
  technology/
• For Students- embedded within the Content
  Standards http//www.msde.state.md.us/technology/t
  ech_plan_2002/APPENDIX_A_content_standards.pdf
  (new State testing designed to embed technology
  assessment)
• For Teachers effective May 2002
  http//www.msde.state.md.us/technology/tech_plan_2
  002/APPENDIX20C20Teacher20Tech20Standards202.
  pdf
• Maryland State Technology Plan
• http//www.msde.state.md.us/technology/md_tech_pl
  an.html - accepted March, 2002

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MSDE Technology Link
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Maryland Teacher Technology Standards
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How Does All This Effect Maryland Teachers?

• MD State Technology Plan
• Student Technology Competencies embedded within
  the Content Standards (based on the ISTE NETSS)
• Testing (for technology) embedded within the new
  State assessments
• Teachers Standards modified from ISTE NETST

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Portfolio Modules

• http//www.itma.vt.edu/studio/portfolio.htm from
  Virginia Tech (Davinas 1 pick)
• http//www.sitesupport.org/module1/msde.htm JHU
  Portfolio module
• http//www.tandl.vt.edu/TESH/TESHPortfolioGuide.ht
  ml Virginia Tech Portfolio Module

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E-Portfolio Examples

• http//www.tandl.vt.edu/scied/stu.htm from
  Virginia Tech- scroll down to active student
  links
• http//teched.vt.edu/ good site for
  informationthen click on portfolio link on side
  bar, and view extensive examples of students
  portfolios