Chapter 18 England: Tudor Queen and Stuart Kings

1
Chapter 18 England Tudor Queen and Stuart
Kings

• Elizabeth I
• Daughter of Henry VIII
• Scholarly command of Greek Latin
• Spoke English, French, Italian, Spanish
• Never married
• Effective, respected British monarch

2
Religion under Elizabeth I

• Henry VIII started the Church of England
• Edward VI strengthened Church of Eng.
• Mary Tudor tried to reinstate Catholicism
• Elizabeth
• Establish a state church
• Acceptable to most Catholics Protestants

3
Act of Uniformity

• National church
• Only legal church in England
• Attend church or pay a fine

4
Act of Supremacy

• Declared the monarch (Elizabeth)
• Supreme Governor of Englands Institutions
• Church
• State
• Priests allowed to marry
• Sermons in vernacular (English)
• Catholic ceremony and regalia
• Elizabeth expected loyalty and obedience

5
Mary Stuart Plots against Elizabeth

• Mary, Queen of Scots (Catholic)
• Many Scots converting to Presbyterianism
• 1567 Mary flees - Scotland to England
• 1586 Mary plots to overthrow Elizabeth
• 1587 Elizabeth has Mary beheaded

6
Elizabethan Sea Dogs

• Elizabeth encouraged piracy against Spanish
  treasure ships
• Francis Drake pirates western coast of South
  and North America as far north as San Francisco

7
Spanish Armada - 1588

• Elizabeth leader of Protestant England
• Aided Dutch Protestants against Spain
• Spanish Armada
• Spain attacks England
• Goal of returning England to Catholicism
• Spains defeat signals loss of political power

8
Elizabethan London

• Bustling city population 200,000
• One square mile
• Densely populated
• Rich and poor disparity in wealth
• A place of commerce
• Thames River transportation, water
• Pronounced Tems

9
London - continued

• Water carriers carried to homes of rich
• Unsanitary no sewers waste thrown into the
  street
• Cappers (hat makers)
• Law requiring hats be worn on Sundays
• Keep cappers employed
• Rogues vagabonds criminal element

10
London - continued

• Jailers Executioners
• 200 Capital Crimes - punishable by death
• 800 hangings per year public spectacle
• 60,000 Catholics hanged at Tyburn Tree

11
Shakespeare 1564 - 1616

• Born in Stratford-upon-Avon
• Revealed human nature
• Skilled observer of human nature
• Wordsmith poetic use of language
• Use of dramatic conflict
• 38 plays Hamlet, Othello, Romeo Juliet

12
English Civil War

• Elizabeth I (Tudor) dies 1603
• James VI of Scotland (Stuart)-Marys son
• Becomes joint king of England Scotland
• James VI of Scotland
• James I of England
• Asserted Divine Right of Kings
• Answerable only to God, not Parliament
• James lacked tact, Parliament not pleased

13
James Parliament

• Elizabeth left a debt
• James needed money
• Beneath his dignity to ask Parliament for
• Puritans unhappy Church too Catholic
• New version of the bible King James

14
Charles I

• 1625 James dies Charles I follows
• Believed in Divine Right
• Lacked tact common sense
• Constant clashes with Parliament

15
Petition of Right

• 1628 Charles needs money
• Parliament negotiates Petition of Right
• No imprisonment without cause
• No loans or taxes without Parliaments approval
• No housing of soldiers without owners consent
• No martial law in peacetime
• 1629 dissolves Parliament until 1640

16
Charles Religion

• Many Puritans fled to avoid persecution
• Church leader, Laud, offended Puritans
• Catholic robes customs
• Tries to force Scots to follow Church of Eng.
• Scots rebel
• Charles goes to Parliament for money

17
Charles, Parliament Religion

• 1641 Parliament passes laws limiting the power of
  the king
• Attempts to arrest Parliament leaders
• Leaders flee
• Londoners rebel
• Charles flees to the north

18
Cavaliers Roundheads Civil War

• Royalists Cavaliers loyal to the king
• Puritans, townspeople, merchants supported
  Parliament the Roundheads
• 1644 Parliaments military leader
• Charles Cromwell
• Crops towns destroyed
• 100,000 dead

19
Cromwell

• 1646 Cromwell defeats Charles
• 1647 Parliament tries to dissolve army
• Cromwell surrounds Parliament
• Expels 143 members
• 1649 Cromwell brings Charles to trial for treason
• Charles executed other European monarchs take
  notice!

20
Cromwell as Lord Protector

• 1653 Cromwell dismisses Parliament
• Develops written constitution
• Cromwell rules as Lord Protector
• Puritans now in power
• Shutdown theaters, banned sporting events,
  religious intoleration

21
Cromwell the Irish

• 1649 - Irish rebel against English rule
• Cromwell leads army to Ireland
• 9,000 Irish massacred at Drogheda
• This is in part, why the Irish dislike the
  English
• Over 600,000 Irish die of famine plague

22
Oliver Cromwell Dies

• 1658 Oliver Cromwell dies succeeded by his son,
  Richard
• Richard unpopular, not respected
• 1659 English desire to have a king again

23
Restoration

• Charles II (Stuart) returns from exile
• Did not enforce Divine Right
• Restored entertainment
• 1679 Habeas Corpus prisoners can demand to be
  brought before a judge determine if sufficient
  evidence exists for a trial if not, release the
  prisoner

24
James II Catholicism

• 1685 Charles II dies, James II new king
• James is Catholic unpopular
• 1688 James 2nd wife have a new son
• Fear of Catholic line of kings
• James 1st wife raised their daughter as a
  Protestant she was Mary, wife of William of
  Orange a powerful Protestant prince of the
  Netherlands

25
Glorious Revolution

• William Mary invited to overthrow James II for
  the sake of Protestantism
• Army deserts James II goes into exile
• The Bloodless or Glorious Revolution

26
William Mary

• Rule as joint sovereigns
• Govern according to Parliament
• Parliament becomes the leading power
• 1689 Bill of Rights
• No suspending of Parliaments laws
• No taxes without Parliaments approval
• Free speech in Parliament
• No penalty for petitioning the king
• No standing army in peacetime
• No excessive bail

27
Political Ideas

• Thomas Hobbes
• People naturally wicked
• Government protects people from their own
  selfishness
• Absolute monarch preferred
• John Locke
• People had natural ability for self government
• Government to protect 3 basic rights
• Life, liberty, and property (not happiness)
• Rulers obligated to protect peoples rights
• If rulers fail to do so, people may rebel