Aggression, Appeasement

1
Aggression, Appeasement War

• Section I
• Ms. Garratt
• CSS 10.8. thru 10.9.1

2
Failure of German Italian democracy

• Neither country had democratic tradition
• Instability due to coalition government
• Economic problems led to political polarization
• Labor strikes that paralyzed the economy
• Unemployment
• Germans resented the Weimar government because it
  signed Versailles treaty.

3
What are the causes of world unrest? What is
the purpose of the hose?
4
Italy Challenges Peace

• Italy
• Violated League of Nations (LON) by invading
  Ethiopia in 1935
• LON voted sanctions but did not withhold oil
  which fueled their war machine
• LON did not have military to enforce its will.
• This incident will be the first to show the
  impotence of the LON

5
Hitlers Defies Versailles Treaty

• Rearmed Germany
• Army marched into Rhineland which was supposed to
  be buffer between France and Germany
• Implemented the Anschluss with Austria
• Neither Western nations nor League of Nations did
  anything to stop him.
• Hitler saw this as weakness and it gave him the
  green light to demand even more.

6
Why Appeasement?

• Brutality of WWI needed to be avoided at all
  costs
• Britain had always thought that the Versailles
  terms were too harsh
• France preoccupied with unstable domestic politics

7
Reaction in the US

• Isolationism
• Nye Committee
• Not part of LON

8
Rome-Berlin- Tokyo Axis

• Alliance of 3 fascist govs
• Each opposed Soviet communism
• Each had terr ambitions
• Agreed to regional hegemony

9
Spanish Civil War

• Franco overthrew the democratic gov 1931
• Loyalist vs. Nationalist
• External assistance
• Germans dress rehearsal (Guernica)
• Practiced bombing civilian targets in Guernica
• Franco wins and supports Nazis during the war

10
Spanish Civil War
11
Picassos La Guernica
12
Nazi Expansion The Anschluss

• Austrian had German population that he wanted to
  unite with Germany
• Hitler brought pressure on Austrian gov to
  removed anti-Nazis from gov give Chancellorship
  to Nazi
• Marched in without a single shot.
• Violated Versailles Treaty

13
Anschluss 1938
14
(No Transcript)
15
The Czechoslovakia Crisis

• Hitler demanded the Sudetenland that was taken
  from Germany in the Versailles Treaty

16
Munich Agreement

• GB FR went to Munich to reach an agreement with
  Hitler
• Czech president, Benes, not even invited.
• Gave Hitler Sudetenland in return for promise
  that that was last terr demand

17
Interpret
18
Neville Chamberlain

• Returned from Munich claiming he has achieved
  peace for our time and that he had saved
  Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from
  Armageddon.
• Winston Churchill comments that They had to
  choose between war and dishonor. They chose
  dishonor they will have war

19
Sudentenland
20
Appeasement Munich

• Why did Britain France opt for appeasement?
• France plagued with political instability
• Britain felt FR was paranoia felt the TOV was
  too harsh.
• Both saw Hitler as a defense against Communism
• Great Depression occupied their concerns
• Their disgust with war led them to seek peace at
  any price hence their willingness to appease

21
Why Appeasement?
22
(No Transcript)
23
Did Appeasement Work?

• 6 months later Hitler gobbled up the rest of
  Czechoslovakia
• GB FR finally gave ultimatum that if Hitler
  invaded Poland that would mean WAR.

24
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939 - Why

• Agreement stipulated
• Not to fight if the other went to war
• They would divide Poland up
• Why did Hitler need this?
• Why was Stalin desperate for it?

25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
Invasion of Poland 1939

• How did Germany justify the invasion?
• What kinds of military tactics were used?
• How long before Poland surrendered?
• How did this affect British foreign policy?
• How did the USSR benefit from this?
• How did the Nazis treat the Poles Jews?

28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)